Quantitative Research Vs. Qualitative Research - 704 Words

Within research there are two categories of ways in which you can conduct your study and present you findings. A researcher can either use qualitative research or quantitative research. Qualitative research is more descriptive and narrative in nature than quantitative and uses words and classifications to tell about a situation or subject. Conversely, quantitative research is more concerned with numbers and statistics found. Many different types of research questions can be answered by quantitative research including â€Å"What is something?†, â€Å"Could there be a correlation between these phenomenon?†, or â€Å"Does A cause B to happen?†. A researcher attempting to answer these types of questions could use surveys or experiments to collect data. Then†¦show more content†¦Moody’s chapters include Problem Statement, Literature Review, Methodology, Results, and Discussion/Conclusion. In her appendices she included all of her approval letters and c onsent forms such as her approval letter from the IRB. The author’s two tables include a table on her descriptive statistics and her regression results. Moody explains the problem of form-blindness for fingerprint examiners and then explains that her purpose is â€Å"to demonstrate the applicability of form-blindness testing in forensic science laboratory arenas by validating a form-blindness exam already being administered† (Moody, 2016). She also examined other variables including eyesight, training, and age to ascertain whether or not these factors had any impact on possible aptitude of the subject taking the test. The researcher found that variables such as age, GPA, major, vision, and dyslexia had no effect on how the subject performed on the test. However, the sex of the subject and the use of medication were found to have a statistically significant effect on performance (Moody, 2016). The second honors thesis that I read was â€Å"Exploring the Perception Towa rds Enhancing Credentials by Certification of Latent Fingerprint Examiners in the Southern United States† by Christopher Brewer. This particular thesis is 25 pages with 6 chapters, a works cited, and appendices. This thesis was done in MLA format and uses a survey. Brewer’s chapters include Introduction, Literature Review,Show MoreRelatedQualitative vs. Quantitative Research742 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿ Quantitative vs. Qualitative Introduction Qualitative research is designed in general to try and understand and interpret social interactions, according to Xavier University. Quantitative research, on the other hand, is used to test hypothesis, to examine cause and effect, and to make predictions (Xavier). Qualitative research is used to identify patters, themes and certain features while quantitative research tends towards identifying statistical relationships (Xavier). As to the role ofRead MoreQuantitative vs Qualitative Research1731 Words   |  7 PagesMarketing research has developed enormously in Ireland since the early 1960’s, which was the founding period of the first indigenous market research agencies – _Irish Marketing Surveys and Market Research Bureau of _Ireland. Now the market includes a range of companies operating as all-purpose, generalist market research agencies using both qualitative and quantitative research techniques (Domegan and Fleming, 2007). {text:list-item} Quantitative research is objective; qualitative research isRead MoreQuantitative Research Vs. Qualitative Research1152 Words   |  5 Pagesmodules called research skill, it is required to do research about the topic which is chosen by student’s interests. In this module, it is aimed to learn how to take place the effective research to help student’s academic performance and knowledge. There are two types of things which are required to do, one is interview and the other is questionnaire. When it comes to start the research, there are two types of research, one is qualitative research and the other is quantitative research. Although qualitativeRead MoreQuantitative vs Qualitative Research Design Essay1657 Words   |  7 PagesThe foundational difference between the two methodologies of quantitative and qualitative research is that they stem from differing ideas on the nature of ‘reality’. Whereas the quantitative concept of reality is an objective one proven to be true by empirical evidence, qualitative’s concept of ‘reality’ is based on personal perception. Qualitative methodology suggests that as ways of perceiving the would are unique that reality itself is subjective (Alston Bowles, 2012, pp. 12-16). In other wordsRead MoreQualitative vs. Quantitative Research Essay2291 Words   |  10 PagesQualitative and quantitative research methods take different approaches to gathering and analysing information. Whether it is a qualitati ve or quantitative study, the research study begins with a question or series of questions. Both use rigorously designed studies to get the most accurate, detailed and complete results. Qualitative studies common methods are interviews, surveys and observation. A qualitative study aims to provide a detailed description of the study results, often using picturesRead MoreQuantitative Vs. Qualitative : A Comparative Analysis Of Research Methods Essay1606 Words   |  7 PagesQuantitative vs. Qualitative: A Comparative Analysis of Research Methods Engaging in a research project can be a frightening and intimidating task for anyone. However, Polansky and Waller (2015) provide a six-step process that is designed to simplify the research process by alleviating anxiety and ensuring that the researcher is able to complete the project in a timely manner. The first step is defining the problem so that it is clearly understood. Once there is clarity on what needs to be doneRead MoreQuantitative vs Qualitative Research on which is Better1830 Words   |  7 PagesThere has always been a discussion as to which method of study was better: quantitative, or qualitative. The quantitative approach focuses more on quantifying data and generalizing results from a sample to a population of interest. The use of quantitative methods is used for general features of a population and to measure the incidence of various views and opinions in a chosen sample. Qualitative methods are used to gain an understanding of underlying reasons and motivations. This type of methodRead MoreThe Learning Goals For A Professional Nurse987 Words   |  4 Pagesimprove my standing as a professional nurse. The first learning goal of this course is understanding the research process. This will be covered in module four of the course. The basic understanding of the framework of the research process is an important first step in deciphering the verbosity of research studies. Individuals attempting to research a problem and those reading and studying the research data must be able to determine the primary goal of the study to determine its relevance to the situationRead MoreQualitative And Quantitative Research Methods936 Words   |  4 PagesQualitative and quantitative research methods are two alternative applications for research methods. Both are very different in how data is collected, what data is collected, and how data is measured. Both of these research methods are utilized amongst the major areas of psychology and the social sciences. This paper will provide a brief description of qualitative and quantitative methods, provide the differences between the two approaches along with the terminology used for both; I will alsoRead MoreEssay on Marketing Research: Primary vs. Secondary Research1195 Words   |  5 PagesMarketing Research: Primary vs. Secondary Research â€Å"Primary data are gathered specifically for the research project at hand. Secondary data is data that have been previously gathered for some other purpose.† (Burns Bush, 2006). This paper will explore the differences in primary and secondary research when using qualitative and quantitative approaches. The paper will further discuss the tools that are used for each approach. Quantitative Qualitative Approaches â€Å"Quantitative research is defined

The Homelessness Of The Homeless - 888 Words

The homelessness of adults, teenagers, and occasionally small children is something that is seen in large cities on a daily basis. Homelessness in teenagers is a growing issue and makes a person wonder what reasons a teenager has become homeless? Teenagers are becoming increasingly homeless because of family situations that are out of control. From thirteen years old to seventeen years old they must feel safe and secure at home. Parents are there to help their children and protect them, but they don’t always succeed. Teenagers are unaware of the options they have for getting out of a harmful situation, yet homelessness has its dangers too. There are several reasons a teen may choose to become homeless. According to the National Coalition for the Homeless â€Å"Homelessness among youth fall into three inter-related categories: family problems, economic problems, and residential instability† (Homeless). All families have problems, but not to the extent of family problems that causes a child to decide on homelessness. The National Coalition for the Homeless also say, â€Å"Many homeless youth leave home after years of physical and sexual abuse, strained relationships, addiction of a family member, and parental neglect† (Homeless). On the extreme we have the sexual abuse of the teen that causes them to leave and be homeless. This abuse may last for years before a teenager may find the courage to get up and leave. Parents are supposed to be there for their children, but it’s apparentShow MoreRelatedHomelessness : Homeless And Homeless991 Words   |  4 Pagesknown as Homelessness. People who are homeless don’t have a safe and secure place to stay. They don’t maintain a regular housing system, they sleep on streets, jump from houses of friends and stay in shelters. People are put into the position of being homeless or choose to be homeless due to their housing environment that might not be the best and would rather be on th e streets or in shelters. I’m here to state information about how people become homeless, figures of people who are homeless, reasonsRead MoreThe Homelessness Of The Homeless1745 Words   |  7 Pages One of the most discussed topics around the world is homelessness. Each and every day more and more people become homeless. People around the world have tried numerous times to resolve this dilemma. This situation is growing and it s starting to spiral out of control. One solution that is getting popular the more we let this situation grow is that criminalizing the homeless is ok. People cannot criminalize the homeless. Homeless people should not be criminalized because they have nowhere to goRead MoreHomeless And Homelessness781 Words   |  4 Pages-The word homeless is used to describe a person without a home, and therefore typically living on the streets. Homelessness is described as part of a vicious circle that is difficult for many to escape. -More temporary shelters and rehabilitation sessions to help individuals find employment should be provided to assist the homeless in recovering their previous life. -Many homeless individuals, especially the young, have fallen victim to a complex mesh of social, economic and mental disadvantagesRead MoreHomelessness : Homeless People Are Homeless Essay1381 Words   |  6 PagesFighting Homelessness Together â€Å"Homeless people are homeless because they are too lazy to pull themselves out of it.† Unfortunately, this type of misperception all too often creates negative attitudes when it comes to understanding homelessness. Admittedly, for some, homelessness is a lifestyle choice; however, the current system presents many barriers for many homeless people that desire a home, employment, and community. Since 2011, Houston has reduced its homeless population by 57 percent; butRead MoreChronic Homelessness : Homeless And Homeless1778 Words   |  8 PagesMadson College Prep Composition Chronic Homelessness In 2010, approximately 107,289 were chronically homeless. The national decrease in chronic homelessness was only about 10.6% from 2008 to 2009. Most people may not realize the difference between being homeless and being chronically homeless. However, these two are very similar but also very different. According to the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), â€Å"chronically homeless individuals are those who have a disabilityRead MoreHomelessness : The Homeless Population843 Words   |  4 Pagesfill this vast world and 25 percent are homeless. Homelessness does not just transpire overnight, in poor countries, and to adults. This dire circumstance can develop anywhere: from poverty stricken countries to the wealthiest in the world and to people of any generation. Tragically, 30 percent of the homeless population is comprised of children (HomeAid.). Government and communities need to work together to develop more solutions to elevate homelessness. Simpl y stated an individual should notRead MoreHomelessness And The Homeless Population1570 Words   |  7 Pagesbillion dollars each year to assist homeless persons to find permanent supportive housing. Federal programs provide funding for specific sub-groups with the idea that providing housing for these groups will end the national problem. Without continued analysis of the social construction that hinders the homeless population, funding will not reach the target destination resulting in misplaced effort. This paper provides an informational and critical analysis of homelessness in the United States and the relationshipRead MoreHomelessness : The Homeless Population Essay1703 Words   |  7 PagesHomelessness affects millions of people every year. Homelessness is an endless epidemic that continues to grow. There isn’t one specific causal factor to this every increasing population. Individuals experiencing homelessness come from various backgrounds and cultures physically, f inancially, and emotionally. They could be considered the melting pot for diversity. Often times individuals experiencing homeless are judged by their outer appearance with no regard for the contributing factors to theRead MoreHomelessness : The Homeless People Essay988 Words   |  4 PagesHomelessness can be a temporary condition that people fall into in the United States when they cannot afford to pay for a place to live, or when their current home is unsafe or unstable. The estimated amount of homeless people in the United States is about 3 million. (National Alliance to end Homeless) In 2014, there are approximately 578,424 people in a single night that experience being homeless. In my opinion, the United States should have more shelters to help the homeless people instead of spendingRead MoreHomelessness And The Homeless Youth1442 Words   |  6 Pages Homelessness is a major problem in the United States. An incredibly vulnerable group is the homeless youth due to their you ng age and lack of education. According to Edidin, Ganim, Hunter, Karnik (2012) on any particular night in the United States there are ~2 million homeless youth living on the streets, in shelters, or in other temporary accommodation. Youth become homeless for multiple reasons whether it be because they have aged out of foster care, ran from home, were kicked out of their home

Amazon Leadership Vs Management Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Amazon, Leadership Vs Management. Answer: Introduction: The report aims to analyze the difference between themanagement skills and the leadership methods of global leading company Amazons owner Jeff Bezos, themanagement strategies of its employees and their performance as well as the challenges that the company faces in competitive world. As the founder chairperson of Amazon.com, Jeff Bezos has been its chief executive officer. With his dynamic vision and passion for reputation, he has built Amazon the worlds largest Internet Sales Company. Beginning as a merchant of books on internet, has expanded to a large variety of products as well as services like audio and video streaming. Amazon is currently the largest provider of cloud infrastructure services (Mattone and Vaidya 2016). The report discusses the impact of leadership andmanagement skill of Bezos, his characteristics effecting current position of Amazon. This report also discusses the impact of Bezos on Amazons future and his success as a boss of Amazon employees. Leadership traits of Jeff Bezos Bezos leader or manager: The people working in any organization may possess leadership skills and encourage others to complete assigned task.Management is something different form leadership but a manger must be a good leader to manipulate the employees for the sake of an organizational up gradation (Bolman and Deal 2017). It is a vague assumption that most of the people believe that managers are different from leaders. Therefore, the managers cannot lead his coworkers and leaders unable to manage. The leader posses the vision of his goal but has no knowledge the possible way to reach the desired destination (Dinh 2014). Similarly, a manager without leadership skills is unable to win trust and engagement with others therefore cannot lead the organization to the target. Above all his actions must include innovation, manipulation and creativity on the one hand and engagement, management on the other (Higgs and Dulewicz 2016). Methods of Bezos: As a leader of the company, Bezos follows some of the unique methods, which has helped the company to reach its current position. Amazon has empty chair tradition, which continuously reminded of the customers existence in the policy making of the company. The leadership trait of Bezos includes component of emotional quotient for all sectors. To the critics this can be proved the companys weakness but having freedom to disagree and state opinion are part of the companys principles. Unlike the other successful leaders, Bezos active imagination and experiment has transformed Amazon to be the worlds largest retail company. He innovates, renovates and sometimes eliminates the whole thing to shape up any policy according to the times needs. Under the management of Jeff Bezos, the company has maintained a strict work culture where the employees performances are assessed constantly. The worker must comment on one anothers performance. The company deploys the method of purposeful Darwinism that is to create struggle among the staffs to uplift performance. The companys foundation and growth has proved that he is a leader more than a manager is. Positive and negative characteristics of Bezos: According to the theory of innovative entrepreneurship, it is the high impact of the research skill of the employees that helps the company discover new ideas and products that the market never imagined. Manifold experiences allow people for thinking diversely and learn new flair (Kantor and Streitfeld 2015). New skills lead to improvement of innovative capacity. Working with diverse people and process of solving complex issues can bring a boom in creativity as well as knowledge. Positive characteristics: To Jeff Bezos, experiments lead to innovation, which is the most essential part of the company policy. Experiments continue to surprise and teach more. The more the company experiments with its products, the more it innovates. Amazon always try to find the solutions of the what if questions and therefore casts a clear difference between the inventors and non-inventors (Bao and Chang 2014). Bezos always tried to deconstruct the conventional process of business and find the new perspective to introduce in his business. He found the new and emerging business opportunity provided by the internet and incorporated in his policy thus the biggest bookstore of Earth was founded. It is the process of triggering innovative ideas extracted from enquiry and self-questioning. Jeff Bezos encourages his employees with the motto of focusing on process and not on failure. Experiment with the existing products and the ideas, is the optimum way of implementation of a scheme into reality (Cronin 2014). After Amazon stated to make profits from bookselling, the founder took a risky decision to construct large warehouses throughout the USA. This bet sank the stock prices initially but lifted the company to become the largest discount store online (Nichols and Cottrell 2014). According to Bezos, the failure can teach the right method of experiment and show the needed modification. Bezos points out that most of the tech companies wait for their competitors to introduce new ideas and then try to match up with them. The policy of the owner is to listen to the customers and solve the problems. Therefore, Amazon Web Services has been designed. The main idea working behind it is to follow the customers needs in order to lead the market. It is not about setting targets but selecting the most important things and repeats them so that people purchase. It the business strategy of Amazon that it uses stock options on recruitment. In order to engage and retain the skilled and versatile workers, the company gives them stakes in the companys success (Miniotait? and Bu?i?nien? 2015). The CEO claims that the company has built a right culture for the employees. The employees feel attracted and like the approaches, as they are meaningful as well as energizing. Jeff Bezos believes that when the organization gets larger, there is a tendency of involvement of top executives in decision-making procedures. Amazon follows the idea of making quick decisions by high judgment groups or individuals. Thus, these characteristics have proved to have positive effects o the companys growth and adverse stagnation as well as risks. Negative characteristics: To the critics, the CEO of Amazon does no pay heed to what others think about him. Bezos firmly believes that if the company gives priority to the customers the stock will rise to desired position. Amazon maniacally focuses on the customers that no other company does (Burke 2017). However, this approach of Bezos has its ill effects also. In 2011, a popular newspaper Morning Call published a series documenting the process of treatment of the employees by the company. This reveals that the company pushes the worker to work harder and faster until they quit or were terminated. The documentary also describes how the workers are bound to work in the worst possible conditions. Some of the warehouses lack proper air-conditioning that resulted the workers fall sick. The employees are enraged with the issue of exploitation within the largest online retail company. The New York Times investigated and found though the white-collar employees are happy with the condition of the warehouses and wag es with stock options but somewhere feel a tremendous work pressure (Ritala, Golnam and Wegmann 2014). It is the Darwinian work tradition created by the founder, where no sympathy is shown to the employees facing difficult time or serious illness. The company pays no time off in such cases but punishes for losing focus from the work. This cutthroat work culture was built by Jeff Bezos to prevent the company from being a sluggish bureaucracy. He wants Amazon to have the feelings of start-up therefore has a frantic work pace and pressure intense. Future consequences of Bezos style: Positive effects: Amazon has been reveling its toughness. The founder and CEO of the company assumes the work culture of Amazon intense and friendly but The companys motto reveals work hard and Jeff Bezos often repeats these two words to keep his employees motivated. This uncompromising attitude has played a great role in keeping a retail company with a market capitalization of $250 billion. The most relevant criticism for the companys performance management is on its structure. The system followed by Bezos is based on meritocracy. It is the ideas, which are put into competition and to domination of the best. This competition makes the ground for this unhealthy workplace ambience where each has to outperform the other. Amazons feedback system is created to push the limits of the employees (Holten and Brenner 2015). It is as if a machine to propel to achieve the founders amplifying ambitions. To evaluate the employees performance, the company holds reviews on monthly or weekly basis. Each employee is accountable for his knowledge. It is a lengthy process and exhaustive with discussion which consumes a substantial volume of work hours (Nor house 2015). Therefore, the employees must initiate their own feedbacks and discuss with his team for betterment of his performance without worrying about the negative feedbacks. This will maintain the companys transparency. Negative effects: Now the company has been taking issues depicting that the prevailing work culture needs to tamp down all-toughness-all-the-time attitude because it has left many bruised workers. In a response to an article published in The New York Times, which revealed Bezos hard hitting style of management, the CEO says that in present competitive tech hiring market no company can survive in a soulless workplace where the employees work without passion or love. He also says it is not a culture of Amazon and it is not the reality. The article that describes the condition of the workers in the warehouses says that the company evaluates the personal crises of the employees unfairly. The workers suffering from cancer or miscarriage or even psychological trauma and other personal problems are severely penanced and given lesser time to recover from the crises. To the company, the best persons are chosen for work and such unprofessionalism should not be tolerated. However, Bezos has disagreed with this argument completely and guarantees that the company does not tolerate this kind of callous management styles (Johnston and Marshall 2016). ). The company maintains complete secrecy about the issues regarding the workplace culture they retain. It signs agreement for not speaking to the press about the ambience of the warehouses within. Nick Ciubotariu, an Amazon engineer in his book Linked In, has described that the company always focuses on innovation and customers and no one is compelled to work long and late. The company also does not cull its employees on annual basis. These points contradict completely with many of his colleagues who confirm that the company manages out to reduce a percentage of its workforce annually. The management practices of Amazon have created a haul when the former and current employees have given statements on social media, various websites to compare the strength and weaknesses of the work culture celebrated by Amazon. Some of them the culture is highly demanding but compassionate while others have described feeling hammered by uncompromising demands, ceaseless competition and the companys unreasonably high standards (Van Wart 2014). The ex-employee of Amazon working currently working with Hewlett-Packard Software Americas has termed the company the most toxic place to work at. It is impossible to speak about the intolerable problems to the manager as Bezos urges in his letters to the employees because the executives are themselves facing the same problems. The companys principles of leadership, behavioral guidelines and most importantly the CEOs style has proved to be harmful for the employees (Rivet 2017). The companys has a feedback culture where the employee is encouraged to criticize colleagues ideas and instructed to send secret feedback to their managers (Rossman 2016). This feedback culture is claimed to be too open to abuse the coworkers and it is also used foe weakening the work of others. The nature of the feedback culture prevailed at Amazon is harsher than the cultures adopted at Facebook, Adobe, Google and other innovative companies. Discussing the issues that pose as harm in the reputation of Amazon in the market it is clear that the main problems are centered round the management and employee satisfaction section. The company holds the customers to be the most important but the employees of a company are the driving force (Tourism 2014). Amazon believes in the idea of recruiting people and makes them workaholic and finally cast them aside after they outlive their utility. The future of the company lies on the principles that the company is following at present. It needs to take care more of its employees and empathies with them so that no negative issue can spoil the reputation of Amazon. Bezos right person for Amazon: As previously discussed various personal and characteristic traits of Jeff Bezos has built the empire of Amazon. His ability of decision-making and vision helped the company to be the worlds largest online retail. Over the 20 years, the company has spread throughout the world and has transformed the concepts of retail (Renz 2016). From a balding bookseller to become one of the richest men in the world was not easy. It is his vision to expand into various retail categories, like food, clothes and electrical (Kantor and Streitfeld 2015). It has recently developed a cloud computing service, own TV shows and an electronic personal assistant for domestic use. Bezos has accepted various challenges chiefly concerning its workforce. In 2014, Jeff Bezos has named as the worst boss in the world congress of the International Trade Union Confederation. It proves that Bezos represents the inhuman treatment face by the employers working in the North American corporate offices. The New York Times has revealed the employees experiences for Bezos and the condition of the warehouses of Amazon. The company regularly terminates the employees or they themselves quit the job, which they found very much compelling and intolerable. Amazons corporate practices under Bezos dictatorship are termed as stingy. However, this is true that Bezos vision and passion has raised the company at the top and it could not reach the place without the assistance of its employees. It is therefore clear that the CEO must take care of his workers so that it built a healthy relationship as well as atmosphere in the workplace. Conclusion: From the above discussion, it may be deducted that Jeff Bezos, the founder and chief executive officer of Amazon stands solely responsible for the companys growth. His vision and hard work have helped Amazon to be recognized all over the globe. It is his strategies that manipulate the employees to work hard keep on innovating. The leadership skills of Bezos have led the company for 20 years. From selling only books over internet, the company now has verity of offerings for its customers. His management style has paved the way for others. His company enjoys the top position globally. To run the company Bezos has faced various problems among which the employee dissatisfaction is the most severe. The philosophy of performance management is reported to be pressurizing the link between the individual performance and the overall success of the company. Many have misinterpreted the ownership culture and therefore overwhelmed with the responsibilities associated with it. These have proved to be harmful for the companys reputation and employee morale is not doing well in Amazon. References: Bao, T. and Chang, T.L.S., 2014. Why Amazon uses both the New York Times Best Seller List and customer reviews: An empirical study of multiplier effects on product sales from multiple earned media.Decision Support Systems,67, pp.1-8. Bolman, L.G. and Deal, T.E., 2017.Reframing organizations: Artistry, choice, and leadership. John Wiley Sons. Burke, W.W., 2017.Organization change: Theory and practice. Sage Publications. Cronin, M.J., 2014. Amazon Fast Tracks Transformation. InTop Down Innovation(pp. 49-60). Springer International Publishing. Dinh, J.E., Lord, R.G., Gardner, W.L., Meuser, J.D., Liden, R.C. and Hu, J., 2014. Leadership theory and research in the new millennium: Current theoretical trends and changing perspectives.The Leadership Quarterly,25(1), pp.36-62. Higgs, M. and Dulewicz, V., 2016. Developments in leadership thinking. InLeading with Emotional Intelligence(pp. 75-103). Springer International Publishing. Holten, A.L. and Brenner, S.O., 2015. Leadership style and the process of organizational change.Leadership Organization Development Journal,36(1), pp.2-16. Johnston, M.W. and Marshall, G.W., 2016.Sales force management: Leadership, innovation, technology. Routledge. Kantor, J. and Streitfeld, D., 2015. Amazons bruising, thrilling workplace.The New York Times,1, pp.20-22. Kantor, J. and Streitfeld, D., 2015. Inside Amazon: Wrestling big ideas in a bruising workplace.New York Times,15, pp.74-80. Mattone, J. and Vaidya, N., 2016. The Six Critical Steps to Transforming Your Culture.Cultural Transformations: Lessons of Leadership and Corporate Reinvention, pp.17-36. Miniotait?, A. and Bu?i?nien?, I., 2015. Explaining authentic leadership work outcomes from the perspective of self-determination theory.Management of Organizations: Systematic Research, (65), pp.63-75. Nichols, A.L. and Cottrell, C.A., 2014. What do people desire in their leaders? The role of leadership level on trait desirability.The Leadership Quarterly,25(4), pp.711-729. Northouse, P.G., 2015.Leadership: Theory and practice. Sage publications. Renz, D.O., 2016.The Jossey-Bass handbook of nonprofit leadership and management. John Wiley Sons. Ritala, P., Golnam, A. and Wegmann, A., 2014. Coopetition-based business models: The case of Amazon. com.Industrial Marketing Management,43(2), pp.236-249. Rivet, D.J., 2017. Amazon's Superior Innovation: A Study of Amazon's corporate structure, CEO, and reasons behind why it has become the most innovative company in today's market. Rossman, J., 2016.The Amazon Way: 14 Leadership Principles Behind the World's Most Disruptive Company(Vol. 1). Clyde Hill Publishing. Tourish, D., 2014. Leadership, more or less? A processual, communication perspective on the role of agency in leadership theory.Leadership,10(1), pp.79-98. Van Wart, M., 2014.Dynamics of leadership in public service: Theory and practice. Routledge.

Jeff Santos Essays - Ethics, Criminal Law, Law, Codes Of Conduct

Jeff Santos 2/12/2018 Western Civilization Prof. Lurie Lex Talionis The Law of Reciprocity" Lex talionis is a principle code that is found in the Babylonian law that says "whereby a punishment resembles the offense committed in kind and degree." It was thought that if the society was not abided by this law, then people would always look to seek revenge on those who hurt them. At times, it would lead to someone's death or destruction of one's family. That is if and only if the two were within the same social status. Due to all of this, Lex talionis is considered or interpreted as Hammurabi's (1792-1750 BC) favorite line "an eye for an eye or a tooth for a tooth". Hammurabi was one of the kids during the First Babylonian Dynasty. Lex talionis also follows the law of exact reciprocity and an example of this is if someone was to go to kill another person, then the criminal will be punished by having his or her life taken in return for killing the other. This can also be interpreted as "law of retaliation". That being said, a death does not always follow another death. As lon g as the retaliation is very minimal in the crime, basically anything is fine. For instance, instead of a punishment leading to another death, the criminal will pay a sum valued of the life he took and move on with his life. Obviously, these types of cases are more likely to occur as the modern day proceeds, where "an eye for an eye" becomes obsolete. Although precise punishment was the preferred way back in the Mesopotamian Era, "an eye for an eye" was not always the correct style of going about it. In my opinion there should have been better forms of reciprocity instead of dealing with crimes with more crimes. However, I do agree that punishment for a crime is a must, but they should vary depending on the severity and the circumstances of the crime itself. While lots may think that Lex talionis will be there control to mellow out the crime rates, it can also establish fear into the society where any little thing can be punishable to the full extreme that the law enforces. To add, a person in power may also take matters into their own hands and take actions as they please. Lex talionis has an extremely thin line that does not give you much course of action after a crime is committed. There should be some type of flexibility in the level of crimes and punishment. Does murder and stealing or lying have the same punishment as eac h other? Murder and stealing are two totally different crimes so where the line in the sand should be drawn? In most cases the line was not drawn but for me all crimes should be judged based on the severity of the crime and the circumstances of punishment should vary. Adding on top types of crimes, according to the Bible a lie is a sin which would mean that lying would be a possible serious punishment. In order to prevent one from telling a lie is to simply cut his or her tongue off. Everyone has lied at some point of their life so in that case, everyone in the village would be walking around without a tongue. Another thing you have to think about is what if it was a child performing the act of lying or stealing. In the case of stealing, sometimes they do not might not have known any better. So what does this mean? Do they get their hand cut off just like the rest? The child has done nothing to be put into the situation but it was simply forced into it because of the society it lives in. In the child's case, instead of mutilation, a better option may be to return what was taken. In my opinion you should punish the child with some type of work because usually children have a low work ethic and they do not want to work for anything especially whe n they do not get anything in return. After all, a boy or girl with a disability will do no good for anyone.