Quantitative Research Vs. Qualitative Research - 704 Words

Within research there are two categories of ways in which you can conduct your study and present you findings. A researcher can either use qualitative research or quantitative research. Qualitative research is more descriptive and narrative in nature than quantitative and uses words and classifications to tell about a situation or subject. Conversely, quantitative research is more concerned with numbers and statistics found. Many different types of research questions can be answered by quantitative research including â€Å"What is something?†, â€Å"Could there be a correlation between these phenomenon?†, or â€Å"Does A cause B to happen?†. A researcher attempting to answer these types of questions could use surveys or experiments to collect data. Then†¦show more content†¦Moody’s chapters include Problem Statement, Literature Review, Methodology, Results, and Discussion/Conclusion. In her appendices she included all of her approval letters and c onsent forms such as her approval letter from the IRB. The author’s two tables include a table on her descriptive statistics and her regression results. Moody explains the problem of form-blindness for fingerprint examiners and then explains that her purpose is â€Å"to demonstrate the applicability of form-blindness testing in forensic science laboratory arenas by validating a form-blindness exam already being administered† (Moody, 2016). She also examined other variables including eyesight, training, and age to ascertain whether or not these factors had any impact on possible aptitude of the subject taking the test. The researcher found that variables such as age, GPA, major, vision, and dyslexia had no effect on how the subject performed on the test. However, the sex of the subject and the use of medication were found to have a statistically significant effect on performance (Moody, 2016). The second honors thesis that I read was â€Å"Exploring the Perception Towa rds Enhancing Credentials by Certification of Latent Fingerprint Examiners in the Southern United States† by Christopher Brewer. This particular thesis is 25 pages with 6 chapters, a works cited, and appendices. This thesis was done in MLA format and uses a survey. Brewer’s chapters include Introduction, Literature Review,Show MoreRelatedQualitative vs. Quantitative Research742 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿ Quantitative vs. Qualitative Introduction Qualitative research is designed in general to try and understand and interpret social interactions, according to Xavier University. Quantitative research, on the other hand, is used to test hypothesis, to examine cause and effect, and to make predictions (Xavier). Qualitative research is used to identify patters, themes and certain features while quantitative research tends towards identifying statistical relationships (Xavier). As to the role ofRead MoreQuantitative vs Qualitative Research1731 Words   |  7 PagesMarketing research has developed enormously in Ireland since the early 1960’s, which was the founding period of the first indigenous market research agencies – _Irish Marketing Surveys and Market Research Bureau of _Ireland. Now the market includes a range of companies operating as all-purpose, generalist market research agencies using both qualitative and quantitative research techniques (Domegan and Fleming, 2007). {text:list-item} Quantitative research is objective; qualitative research isRead MoreQuantitative Research Vs. Qualitative Research1152 Words   |  5 Pagesmodules called research skill, it is required to do research about the topic which is chosen by student’s interests. In this module, it is aimed to learn how to take place the effective research to help student’s academic performance and knowledge. There are two types of things which are required to do, one is interview and the other is questionnaire. When it comes to start the research, there are two types of research, one is qualitative research and the other is quantitative research. Although qualitativeRead MoreQuantitative vs Qualitative Research Design Essay1657 Words   |  7 PagesThe foundational difference between the two methodologies of quantitative and qualitative research is that they stem from differing ideas on the nature of ‘reality’. Whereas the quantitative concept of reality is an objective one proven to be true by empirical evidence, qualitative’s concept of ‘reality’ is based on personal perception. Qualitative methodology suggests that as ways of perceiving the would are unique that reality itself is subjective (Alston Bowles, 2012, pp. 12-16). In other wordsRead MoreQualitative vs. Quantitative Research Essay2291 Words   |  10 PagesQualitative and quantitative research methods take different approaches to gathering and analysing information. Whether it is a qualitati ve or quantitative study, the research study begins with a question or series of questions. Both use rigorously designed studies to get the most accurate, detailed and complete results. Qualitative studies common methods are interviews, surveys and observation. A qualitative study aims to provide a detailed description of the study results, often using picturesRead MoreQuantitative Vs. Qualitative : A Comparative Analysis Of Research Methods Essay1606 Words   |  7 PagesQuantitative vs. Qualitative: A Comparative Analysis of Research Methods Engaging in a research project can be a frightening and intimidating task for anyone. However, Polansky and Waller (2015) provide a six-step process that is designed to simplify the research process by alleviating anxiety and ensuring that the researcher is able to complete the project in a timely manner. The first step is defining the problem so that it is clearly understood. Once there is clarity on what needs to be doneRead MoreQuantitative vs Qualitative Research on which is Better1830 Words   |  7 PagesThere has always been a discussion as to which method of study was better: quantitative, or qualitative. The quantitative approach focuses more on quantifying data and generalizing results from a sample to a population of interest. The use of quantitative methods is used for general features of a population and to measure the incidence of various views and opinions in a chosen sample. Qualitative methods are used to gain an understanding of underlying reasons and motivations. This type of methodRead MoreThe Learning Goals For A Professional Nurse987 Words   |  4 Pagesimprove my standing as a professional nurse. The first learning goal of this course is understanding the research process. This will be covered in module four of the course. The basic understanding of the framework of the research process is an important first step in deciphering the verbosity of research studies. Individuals attempting to research a problem and those reading and studying the research data must be able to determine the primary goal of the study to determine its relevance to the situationRead MoreQualitative And Quantitative Research Methods936 Words   |  4 PagesQualitative and quantitative research methods are two alternative applications for research methods. Both are very different in how data is collected, what data is collected, and how data is measured. Both of these research methods are utilized amongst the major areas of psychology and the social sciences. This paper will provide a brief description of qualitative and quantitative methods, provide the differences between the two approaches along with the terminology used for both; I will alsoRead MoreEssay on Marketing Research: Primary vs. Secondary Research1195 Words   |  5 PagesMarketing Research: Primary vs. Secondary Research â€Å"Primary data are gathered specifically for the research project at hand. Secondary data is data that have been previously gathered for some other purpose.† (Burns Bush, 2006). This paper will explore the differences in primary and secondary research when using qualitative and quantitative approaches. The paper will further discuss the tools that are used for each approach. Quantitative Qualitative Approaches â€Å"Quantitative research is defined

The Homelessness Of The Homeless - 888 Words

The homelessness of adults, teenagers, and occasionally small children is something that is seen in large cities on a daily basis. Homelessness in teenagers is a growing issue and makes a person wonder what reasons a teenager has become homeless? Teenagers are becoming increasingly homeless because of family situations that are out of control. From thirteen years old to seventeen years old they must feel safe and secure at home. Parents are there to help their children and protect them, but they don’t always succeed. Teenagers are unaware of the options they have for getting out of a harmful situation, yet homelessness has its dangers too. There are several reasons a teen may choose to become homeless. According to the National Coalition for the Homeless â€Å"Homelessness among youth fall into three inter-related categories: family problems, economic problems, and residential instability† (Homeless). All families have problems, but not to the extent of family problems that causes a child to decide on homelessness. The National Coalition for the Homeless also say, â€Å"Many homeless youth leave home after years of physical and sexual abuse, strained relationships, addiction of a family member, and parental neglect† (Homeless). On the extreme we have the sexual abuse of the teen that causes them to leave and be homeless. This abuse may last for years before a teenager may find the courage to get up and leave. Parents are supposed to be there for their children, but it’s apparentShow MoreRelatedHomelessness : Homeless And Homeless991 Words   |  4 Pagesknown as Homelessness. People who are homeless don’t have a safe and secure place to stay. They don’t maintain a regular housing system, they sleep on streets, jump from houses of friends and stay in shelters. People are put into the position of being homeless or choose to be homeless due to their housing environment that might not be the best and would rather be on th e streets or in shelters. I’m here to state information about how people become homeless, figures of people who are homeless, reasonsRead MoreThe Homelessness Of The Homeless1745 Words   |  7 Pages One of the most discussed topics around the world is homelessness. Each and every day more and more people become homeless. People around the world have tried numerous times to resolve this dilemma. This situation is growing and it s starting to spiral out of control. One solution that is getting popular the more we let this situation grow is that criminalizing the homeless is ok. People cannot criminalize the homeless. Homeless people should not be criminalized because they have nowhere to goRead MoreHomeless And Homelessness781 Words   |  4 Pages-The word homeless is used to describe a person without a home, and therefore typically living on the streets. Homelessness is described as part of a vicious circle that is difficult for many to escape. -More temporary shelters and rehabilitation sessions to help individuals find employment should be provided to assist the homeless in recovering their previous life. -Many homeless individuals, especially the young, have fallen victim to a complex mesh of social, economic and mental disadvantagesRead MoreHomelessness : Homeless People Are Homeless Essay1381 Words   |  6 PagesFighting Homelessness Together â€Å"Homeless people are homeless because they are too lazy to pull themselves out of it.† Unfortunately, this type of misperception all too often creates negative attitudes when it comes to understanding homelessness. Admittedly, for some, homelessness is a lifestyle choice; however, the current system presents many barriers for many homeless people that desire a home, employment, and community. Since 2011, Houston has reduced its homeless population by 57 percent; butRead MoreChronic Homelessness : Homeless And Homeless1778 Words   |  8 PagesMadson College Prep Composition Chronic Homelessness In 2010, approximately 107,289 were chronically homeless. The national decrease in chronic homelessness was only about 10.6% from 2008 to 2009. Most people may not realize the difference between being homeless and being chronically homeless. However, these two are very similar but also very different. According to the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), â€Å"chronically homeless individuals are those who have a disabilityRead MoreHomelessness : The Homeless Population843 Words   |  4 Pagesfill this vast world and 25 percent are homeless. Homelessness does not just transpire overnight, in poor countries, and to adults. This dire circumstance can develop anywhere: from poverty stricken countries to the wealthiest in the world and to people of any generation. Tragically, 30 percent of the homeless population is comprised of children (HomeAid.). Government and communities need to work together to develop more solutions to elevate homelessness. Simpl y stated an individual should notRead MoreHomelessness And The Homeless Population1570 Words   |  7 Pagesbillion dollars each year to assist homeless persons to find permanent supportive housing. Federal programs provide funding for specific sub-groups with the idea that providing housing for these groups will end the national problem. Without continued analysis of the social construction that hinders the homeless population, funding will not reach the target destination resulting in misplaced effort. This paper provides an informational and critical analysis of homelessness in the United States and the relationshipRead MoreHomelessness : The Homeless Population Essay1703 Words   |  7 PagesHomelessness affects millions of people every year. Homelessness is an endless epidemic that continues to grow. There isn’t one specific causal factor to this every increasing population. Individuals experiencing homelessness come from various backgrounds and cultures physically, f inancially, and emotionally. They could be considered the melting pot for diversity. Often times individuals experiencing homeless are judged by their outer appearance with no regard for the contributing factors to theRead MoreHomelessness : The Homeless People Essay988 Words   |  4 PagesHomelessness can be a temporary condition that people fall into in the United States when they cannot afford to pay for a place to live, or when their current home is unsafe or unstable. The estimated amount of homeless people in the United States is about 3 million. (National Alliance to end Homeless) In 2014, there are approximately 578,424 people in a single night that experience being homeless. In my opinion, the United States should have more shelters to help the homeless people instead of spendingRead MoreHomelessness And The Homeless Youth1442 Words   |  6 Pages Homelessness is a major problem in the United States. An incredibly vulnerable group is the homeless youth due to their you ng age and lack of education. According to Edidin, Ganim, Hunter, Karnik (2012) on any particular night in the United States there are ~2 million homeless youth living on the streets, in shelters, or in other temporary accommodation. Youth become homeless for multiple reasons whether it be because they have aged out of foster care, ran from home, were kicked out of their home

Amazon Leadership Vs Management Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Amazon, Leadership Vs Management. Answer: Introduction: The report aims to analyze the difference between themanagement skills and the leadership methods of global leading company Amazons owner Jeff Bezos, themanagement strategies of its employees and their performance as well as the challenges that the company faces in competitive world. As the founder chairperson of Amazon.com, Jeff Bezos has been its chief executive officer. With his dynamic vision and passion for reputation, he has built Amazon the worlds largest Internet Sales Company. Beginning as a merchant of books on internet, has expanded to a large variety of products as well as services like audio and video streaming. Amazon is currently the largest provider of cloud infrastructure services (Mattone and Vaidya 2016). The report discusses the impact of leadership andmanagement skill of Bezos, his characteristics effecting current position of Amazon. This report also discusses the impact of Bezos on Amazons future and his success as a boss of Amazon employees. Leadership traits of Jeff Bezos Bezos leader or manager: The people working in any organization may possess leadership skills and encourage others to complete assigned task.Management is something different form leadership but a manger must be a good leader to manipulate the employees for the sake of an organizational up gradation (Bolman and Deal 2017). It is a vague assumption that most of the people believe that managers are different from leaders. Therefore, the managers cannot lead his coworkers and leaders unable to manage. The leader posses the vision of his goal but has no knowledge the possible way to reach the desired destination (Dinh 2014). Similarly, a manager without leadership skills is unable to win trust and engagement with others therefore cannot lead the organization to the target. Above all his actions must include innovation, manipulation and creativity on the one hand and engagement, management on the other (Higgs and Dulewicz 2016). Methods of Bezos: As a leader of the company, Bezos follows some of the unique methods, which has helped the company to reach its current position. Amazon has empty chair tradition, which continuously reminded of the customers existence in the policy making of the company. The leadership trait of Bezos includes component of emotional quotient for all sectors. To the critics this can be proved the companys weakness but having freedom to disagree and state opinion are part of the companys principles. Unlike the other successful leaders, Bezos active imagination and experiment has transformed Amazon to be the worlds largest retail company. He innovates, renovates and sometimes eliminates the whole thing to shape up any policy according to the times needs. Under the management of Jeff Bezos, the company has maintained a strict work culture where the employees performances are assessed constantly. The worker must comment on one anothers performance. The company deploys the method of purposeful Darwinism that is to create struggle among the staffs to uplift performance. The companys foundation and growth has proved that he is a leader more than a manager is. Positive and negative characteristics of Bezos: According to the theory of innovative entrepreneurship, it is the high impact of the research skill of the employees that helps the company discover new ideas and products that the market never imagined. Manifold experiences allow people for thinking diversely and learn new flair (Kantor and Streitfeld 2015). New skills lead to improvement of innovative capacity. Working with diverse people and process of solving complex issues can bring a boom in creativity as well as knowledge. Positive characteristics: To Jeff Bezos, experiments lead to innovation, which is the most essential part of the company policy. Experiments continue to surprise and teach more. The more the company experiments with its products, the more it innovates. Amazon always try to find the solutions of the what if questions and therefore casts a clear difference between the inventors and non-inventors (Bao and Chang 2014). Bezos always tried to deconstruct the conventional process of business and find the new perspective to introduce in his business. He found the new and emerging business opportunity provided by the internet and incorporated in his policy thus the biggest bookstore of Earth was founded. It is the process of triggering innovative ideas extracted from enquiry and self-questioning. Jeff Bezos encourages his employees with the motto of focusing on process and not on failure. Experiment with the existing products and the ideas, is the optimum way of implementation of a scheme into reality (Cronin 2014). After Amazon stated to make profits from bookselling, the founder took a risky decision to construct large warehouses throughout the USA. This bet sank the stock prices initially but lifted the company to become the largest discount store online (Nichols and Cottrell 2014). According to Bezos, the failure can teach the right method of experiment and show the needed modification. Bezos points out that most of the tech companies wait for their competitors to introduce new ideas and then try to match up with them. The policy of the owner is to listen to the customers and solve the problems. Therefore, Amazon Web Services has been designed. The main idea working behind it is to follow the customers needs in order to lead the market. It is not about setting targets but selecting the most important things and repeats them so that people purchase. It the business strategy of Amazon that it uses stock options on recruitment. In order to engage and retain the skilled and versatile workers, the company gives them stakes in the companys success (Miniotait? and Bu?i?nien? 2015). The CEO claims that the company has built a right culture for the employees. The employees feel attracted and like the approaches, as they are meaningful as well as energizing. Jeff Bezos believes that when the organization gets larger, there is a tendency of involvement of top executives in decision-making procedures. Amazon follows the idea of making quick decisions by high judgment groups or individuals. Thus, these characteristics have proved to have positive effects o the companys growth and adverse stagnation as well as risks. Negative characteristics: To the critics, the CEO of Amazon does no pay heed to what others think about him. Bezos firmly believes that if the company gives priority to the customers the stock will rise to desired position. Amazon maniacally focuses on the customers that no other company does (Burke 2017). However, this approach of Bezos has its ill effects also. In 2011, a popular newspaper Morning Call published a series documenting the process of treatment of the employees by the company. This reveals that the company pushes the worker to work harder and faster until they quit or were terminated. The documentary also describes how the workers are bound to work in the worst possible conditions. Some of the warehouses lack proper air-conditioning that resulted the workers fall sick. The employees are enraged with the issue of exploitation within the largest online retail company. The New York Times investigated and found though the white-collar employees are happy with the condition of the warehouses and wag es with stock options but somewhere feel a tremendous work pressure (Ritala, Golnam and Wegmann 2014). It is the Darwinian work tradition created by the founder, where no sympathy is shown to the employees facing difficult time or serious illness. The company pays no time off in such cases but punishes for losing focus from the work. This cutthroat work culture was built by Jeff Bezos to prevent the company from being a sluggish bureaucracy. He wants Amazon to have the feelings of start-up therefore has a frantic work pace and pressure intense. Future consequences of Bezos style: Positive effects: Amazon has been reveling its toughness. The founder and CEO of the company assumes the work culture of Amazon intense and friendly but The companys motto reveals work hard and Jeff Bezos often repeats these two words to keep his employees motivated. This uncompromising attitude has played a great role in keeping a retail company with a market capitalization of $250 billion. The most relevant criticism for the companys performance management is on its structure. The system followed by Bezos is based on meritocracy. It is the ideas, which are put into competition and to domination of the best. This competition makes the ground for this unhealthy workplace ambience where each has to outperform the other. Amazons feedback system is created to push the limits of the employees (Holten and Brenner 2015). It is as if a machine to propel to achieve the founders amplifying ambitions. To evaluate the employees performance, the company holds reviews on monthly or weekly basis. Each employee is accountable for his knowledge. It is a lengthy process and exhaustive with discussion which consumes a substantial volume of work hours (Nor house 2015). Therefore, the employees must initiate their own feedbacks and discuss with his team for betterment of his performance without worrying about the negative feedbacks. This will maintain the companys transparency. Negative effects: Now the company has been taking issues depicting that the prevailing work culture needs to tamp down all-toughness-all-the-time attitude because it has left many bruised workers. In a response to an article published in The New York Times, which revealed Bezos hard hitting style of management, the CEO says that in present competitive tech hiring market no company can survive in a soulless workplace where the employees work without passion or love. He also says it is not a culture of Amazon and it is not the reality. The article that describes the condition of the workers in the warehouses says that the company evaluates the personal crises of the employees unfairly. The workers suffering from cancer or miscarriage or even psychological trauma and other personal problems are severely penanced and given lesser time to recover from the crises. To the company, the best persons are chosen for work and such unprofessionalism should not be tolerated. However, Bezos has disagreed with this argument completely and guarantees that the company does not tolerate this kind of callous management styles (Johnston and Marshall 2016). ). The company maintains complete secrecy about the issues regarding the workplace culture they retain. It signs agreement for not speaking to the press about the ambience of the warehouses within. Nick Ciubotariu, an Amazon engineer in his book Linked In, has described that the company always focuses on innovation and customers and no one is compelled to work long and late. The company also does not cull its employees on annual basis. These points contradict completely with many of his colleagues who confirm that the company manages out to reduce a percentage of its workforce annually. The management practices of Amazon have created a haul when the former and current employees have given statements on social media, various websites to compare the strength and weaknesses of the work culture celebrated by Amazon. Some of them the culture is highly demanding but compassionate while others have described feeling hammered by uncompromising demands, ceaseless competition and the companys unreasonably high standards (Van Wart 2014). The ex-employee of Amazon working currently working with Hewlett-Packard Software Americas has termed the company the most toxic place to work at. It is impossible to speak about the intolerable problems to the manager as Bezos urges in his letters to the employees because the executives are themselves facing the same problems. The companys principles of leadership, behavioral guidelines and most importantly the CEOs style has proved to be harmful for the employees (Rivet 2017). The companys has a feedback culture where the employee is encouraged to criticize colleagues ideas and instructed to send secret feedback to their managers (Rossman 2016). This feedback culture is claimed to be too open to abuse the coworkers and it is also used foe weakening the work of others. The nature of the feedback culture prevailed at Amazon is harsher than the cultures adopted at Facebook, Adobe, Google and other innovative companies. Discussing the issues that pose as harm in the reputation of Amazon in the market it is clear that the main problems are centered round the management and employee satisfaction section. The company holds the customers to be the most important but the employees of a company are the driving force (Tourism 2014). Amazon believes in the idea of recruiting people and makes them workaholic and finally cast them aside after they outlive their utility. The future of the company lies on the principles that the company is following at present. It needs to take care more of its employees and empathies with them so that no negative issue can spoil the reputation of Amazon. Bezos right person for Amazon: As previously discussed various personal and characteristic traits of Jeff Bezos has built the empire of Amazon. His ability of decision-making and vision helped the company to be the worlds largest online retail. Over the 20 years, the company has spread throughout the world and has transformed the concepts of retail (Renz 2016). From a balding bookseller to become one of the richest men in the world was not easy. It is his vision to expand into various retail categories, like food, clothes and electrical (Kantor and Streitfeld 2015). It has recently developed a cloud computing service, own TV shows and an electronic personal assistant for domestic use. Bezos has accepted various challenges chiefly concerning its workforce. In 2014, Jeff Bezos has named as the worst boss in the world congress of the International Trade Union Confederation. It proves that Bezos represents the inhuman treatment face by the employers working in the North American corporate offices. The New York Times has revealed the employees experiences for Bezos and the condition of the warehouses of Amazon. The company regularly terminates the employees or they themselves quit the job, which they found very much compelling and intolerable. Amazons corporate practices under Bezos dictatorship are termed as stingy. However, this is true that Bezos vision and passion has raised the company at the top and it could not reach the place without the assistance of its employees. It is therefore clear that the CEO must take care of his workers so that it built a healthy relationship as well as atmosphere in the workplace. Conclusion: From the above discussion, it may be deducted that Jeff Bezos, the founder and chief executive officer of Amazon stands solely responsible for the companys growth. His vision and hard work have helped Amazon to be recognized all over the globe. It is his strategies that manipulate the employees to work hard keep on innovating. The leadership skills of Bezos have led the company for 20 years. From selling only books over internet, the company now has verity of offerings for its customers. His management style has paved the way for others. His company enjoys the top position globally. To run the company Bezos has faced various problems among which the employee dissatisfaction is the most severe. The philosophy of performance management is reported to be pressurizing the link between the individual performance and the overall success of the company. Many have misinterpreted the ownership culture and therefore overwhelmed with the responsibilities associated with it. These have proved to be harmful for the companys reputation and employee morale is not doing well in Amazon. References: Bao, T. and Chang, T.L.S., 2014. Why Amazon uses both the New York Times Best Seller List and customer reviews: An empirical study of multiplier effects on product sales from multiple earned media.Decision Support Systems,67, pp.1-8. Bolman, L.G. and Deal, T.E., 2017.Reframing organizations: Artistry, choice, and leadership. John Wiley Sons. Burke, W.W., 2017.Organization change: Theory and practice. Sage Publications. Cronin, M.J., 2014. Amazon Fast Tracks Transformation. InTop Down Innovation(pp. 49-60). Springer International Publishing. Dinh, J.E., Lord, R.G., Gardner, W.L., Meuser, J.D., Liden, R.C. and Hu, J., 2014. Leadership theory and research in the new millennium: Current theoretical trends and changing perspectives.The Leadership Quarterly,25(1), pp.36-62. Higgs, M. and Dulewicz, V., 2016. Developments in leadership thinking. InLeading with Emotional Intelligence(pp. 75-103). Springer International Publishing. Holten, A.L. and Brenner, S.O., 2015. Leadership style and the process of organizational change.Leadership Organization Development Journal,36(1), pp.2-16. Johnston, M.W. and Marshall, G.W., 2016.Sales force management: Leadership, innovation, technology. Routledge. Kantor, J. and Streitfeld, D., 2015. Amazons bruising, thrilling workplace.The New York Times,1, pp.20-22. Kantor, J. and Streitfeld, D., 2015. Inside Amazon: Wrestling big ideas in a bruising workplace.New York Times,15, pp.74-80. Mattone, J. and Vaidya, N., 2016. The Six Critical Steps to Transforming Your Culture.Cultural Transformations: Lessons of Leadership and Corporate Reinvention, pp.17-36. Miniotait?, A. and Bu?i?nien?, I., 2015. Explaining authentic leadership work outcomes from the perspective of self-determination theory.Management of Organizations: Systematic Research, (65), pp.63-75. Nichols, A.L. and Cottrell, C.A., 2014. What do people desire in their leaders? The role of leadership level on trait desirability.The Leadership Quarterly,25(4), pp.711-729. Northouse, P.G., 2015.Leadership: Theory and practice. Sage publications. Renz, D.O., 2016.The Jossey-Bass handbook of nonprofit leadership and management. John Wiley Sons. Ritala, P., Golnam, A. and Wegmann, A., 2014. Coopetition-based business models: The case of Amazon. com.Industrial Marketing Management,43(2), pp.236-249. Rivet, D.J., 2017. Amazon's Superior Innovation: A Study of Amazon's corporate structure, CEO, and reasons behind why it has become the most innovative company in today's market. Rossman, J., 2016.The Amazon Way: 14 Leadership Principles Behind the World's Most Disruptive Company(Vol. 1). Clyde Hill Publishing. Tourish, D., 2014. Leadership, more or less? A processual, communication perspective on the role of agency in leadership theory.Leadership,10(1), pp.79-98. Van Wart, M., 2014.Dynamics of leadership in public service: Theory and practice. Routledge.

Jeff Santos Essays - Ethics, Criminal Law, Law, Codes Of Conduct

Jeff Santos 2/12/2018 Western Civilization Prof. Lurie Lex Talionis The Law of Reciprocity" Lex talionis is a principle code that is found in the Babylonian law that says "whereby a punishment resembles the offense committed in kind and degree." It was thought that if the society was not abided by this law, then people would always look to seek revenge on those who hurt them. At times, it would lead to someone's death or destruction of one's family. That is if and only if the two were within the same social status. Due to all of this, Lex talionis is considered or interpreted as Hammurabi's (1792-1750 BC) favorite line "an eye for an eye or a tooth for a tooth". Hammurabi was one of the kids during the First Babylonian Dynasty. Lex talionis also follows the law of exact reciprocity and an example of this is if someone was to go to kill another person, then the criminal will be punished by having his or her life taken in return for killing the other. This can also be interpreted as "law of retaliation". That being said, a death does not always follow another death. As lon g as the retaliation is very minimal in the crime, basically anything is fine. For instance, instead of a punishment leading to another death, the criminal will pay a sum valued of the life he took and move on with his life. Obviously, these types of cases are more likely to occur as the modern day proceeds, where "an eye for an eye" becomes obsolete. Although precise punishment was the preferred way back in the Mesopotamian Era, "an eye for an eye" was not always the correct style of going about it. In my opinion there should have been better forms of reciprocity instead of dealing with crimes with more crimes. However, I do agree that punishment for a crime is a must, but they should vary depending on the severity and the circumstances of the crime itself. While lots may think that Lex talionis will be there control to mellow out the crime rates, it can also establish fear into the society where any little thing can be punishable to the full extreme that the law enforces. To add, a person in power may also take matters into their own hands and take actions as they please. Lex talionis has an extremely thin line that does not give you much course of action after a crime is committed. There should be some type of flexibility in the level of crimes and punishment. Does murder and stealing or lying have the same punishment as eac h other? Murder and stealing are two totally different crimes so where the line in the sand should be drawn? In most cases the line was not drawn but for me all crimes should be judged based on the severity of the crime and the circumstances of punishment should vary. Adding on top types of crimes, according to the Bible a lie is a sin which would mean that lying would be a possible serious punishment. In order to prevent one from telling a lie is to simply cut his or her tongue off. Everyone has lied at some point of their life so in that case, everyone in the village would be walking around without a tongue. Another thing you have to think about is what if it was a child performing the act of lying or stealing. In the case of stealing, sometimes they do not might not have known any better. So what does this mean? Do they get their hand cut off just like the rest? The child has done nothing to be put into the situation but it was simply forced into it because of the society it lives in. In the child's case, instead of mutilation, a better option may be to return what was taken. In my opinion you should punish the child with some type of work because usually children have a low work ethic and they do not want to work for anything especially whe n they do not get anything in return. After all, a boy or girl with a disability will do no good for anyone.

Leadership The Trait theories Essays

Leadership The Trait theories Essays Leadership The Trait theories Paper Leadership The Trait theories Paper Leadership is a process through which a person tries to get organizational members to do something the person desires. The leaders influence extends beyond supervisory responsibility and formal authority. Leadership theories have long sought to identify what are the characteristics that make an effective leader. In this paper, three main bodies of research and knowledge are Trait, Behaviour and Contingency approaches. The Trait theories Trait theories: leaders possess certain personal quality that leaders had to greater degree than non-leaders. Which attempted to identify the personality traits of the effective leader to facilitate the selection leader. The trait approach is based on the some assumptions: that individual is more important than situation; and leadership is inborn. Many early researchers believed that leaders such as Lincoln and Hitler had some unique set of qualities that distinguished them their followers. The trait approach seeks to identify enduring personal characteristics and traits that distinguish leaders from followers. For example: Intelligence helps a lead solve complex problems. Assertiveness helps a leader frankly express demands and attitudes and enable him to perform many tasks and achieve goals. Initiative when high, help a leader deal with many demands he faces on a day-to-day basis. Resilience, that a highly flexible in adjusting their behaviour in different situations Empathy ensures a leader putting them in the followers shoes. Drive fuels a leader to be the best of the field he chooses to pursue. Many finding illustrated that individuals who possess certain traits are more likely to become effective leaders than those who do not, . but none of traits guarantee success. , Many individuals who possess the identified traits never become leaders. Why the trait approach is not guarantee some one become effective leader? There are four reasons: it overlooks the needs of followers, it generally fails to clarity the relative importance of various traits, it doesnt separate cause from effect, and more important, it ignore the situation factors. .For instance, observations may lead one to believe that effective leaders are more likely to be assertive and outgoing, while there are outstanding leaders such as Lincoln who were relatively shy and withdrawn. Obviously, the trait approach alone cannot fully explain why or how leadership occurs. It suggests that the need to move to the other factors that contribute to leadership effectiveness. The Behaviour theories Rather than looking at the innate traits of leaders, behaviour approach argues that successful leaders can be train and teach, attention switched from selecting leaders on personality trait to training and developing leaders in appropriate behavior patterns. This research tradition argues that considerate, participative, and democratic and involving leadership behaviour is more effective than impersonal, autocratic and directive. Weaknesses of Trait and Behaviour Approaches Both trait and behaviour approach essentially ignores the situation in which leadership takes place. The trait approach takes into account leaders personal aspects but ignores the situations in which they try to lead. Certain leadership traits may lead to effective leadership in certain situations and to ineffective leadership in other situations. Dominance, for example, may make a production manager a good leader. But the same trait in the head consultant may actually detract from the leaders effectiveness because the subordinates tend to be independent thinkers who work best when they are left alone. Similarly, the behaviour approach seeks to identify the behaviours responsible for effective leadership without considering how the situation affects behaviour. However, the situation also impacts on a leaders behaviours. The performance of participants can be enhanced when the project manager engages in initiating structure by scheduling the project. In contrast, the performance of a group of assembly-line workers who know exactly how to do their jobs may be unaffected by their leaders initiating structure In fact, it became increasingly clear that the predicting of leadership success was more complex. The contingency theories suggested that leadership effectiveness was dependent on the situation and another to be able to isolate those situational conditions. that under condition a, style X would be appropriate whereas style Y would be more suitable for condition. Many developed leadership approaches in this theories such as Fiedlers models, Hersey and Blanchards situational theory and leader-member exchange theory etc. Fiedlers contingency theory acknowledges that personal characteristics influence whether leaders are effective. i. e. effective leadership requires the right behaviour, skills and attitudes. He assumed two kinds of leaders: task-oriented and relationship-oriented. Leaders who are tasked-related want their subordinates to perform at a high level and accomplish all of their assigned tasks. Their first priority is task accomplishment, and they push subordinates to make sure that the job gets done. Being concerned for the satisfactions and feelings of subordinates is their second priority. Although relationship-related leaders want their subordinates to perform at a high level, their first priority is developing good relationships with their followers. Their second priority is making sure that the job gets done. He argued that effectiveness is influenced by three sets of situational factors: 1. the extent to which the task in hand is structured. The nature of the relationships between the leader and followers; 3. the leaders position power. Fiedler identified three typical sets of conditions, then matching leaders into situations to achieve maximum leadership effectiveness. This theory has two strengths it demonstrates the importance of contextual factors in determining leader behaviour and effectiveness. ; it provides a systematic framework for developing the self-awareness of managers. : Fiedlers contingency theory is positive but weak: 1. the key variables, task structure, power and relationships, are difficult to assess. The leader who wants to rely on this framework to determine the most effective style for a given situation has to rely more on intuition than systematic analysis. 2. the concept of the least preferred co-worker is an unusual one, and it is not clear just what this measures. 3. the framework does not take into account the needs of subordinates. 4. the need for a leader to have relevant technical competence is ignored. Most contingency theories argue that leaders should change their style to fit the context, however, Fiedler argued leaders by choosing conditions in which their preferred style was most likely effective. As Hersey and Blanchards situational theory, which argues that effectiveness are reflected leaders adapt style to meet the demands of the situation in which they operate. Successful leadership is achieved by selecting the right leadership style. The model established four basic leadership styles: 1. telling ( high task-high relationship), the leader tells subordinates what , how, when, and where to do various tasks. It emphasizes directive behavior. 2. selling (high task-high relationship). The leader provides both directive behaviour and supportive behaviour. 3. participating (low task-high relationship). The leader and follower share in decision making , with the main role of the leader being facilitating and communicating. 4. delegating (low task-low relationship). The leader providers little direction or support. This theory emphasis on the need for flexibility in leadership behaviour, and in highlighting the importance of contextual factors. However, this theory has limitation that lask of evidence to support the model in practice. Daniel Goleman reported there are six leadership styles, each style relies on an aspect of emotional intelligence which concerns skill in managing your own emotions and in handing the emotions of others.

Excited State Definition in Chemistry

Excited State Definition in Chemistry The excited state describes an atom, ion or molecule with an electron in a higher than normal energy level than its ground state. The length of time a particle spends in the excited state before falling to a lower energy state varies. Short duration excitation usually results in release of a quantum of energy, in the form of a photon or phonon. The return to a lower energy state is called decay. Fluorescence is a fast decay process, while phosphorescence occurs over a much longer time frame. Decay is the inverse process of excitation. An excited state that lasts a long time is called a metastable state. Examples of metastable states are single oxygen and nuclear isomers. Sometimes the transition to an excited state enables an atom to participate in a chemical reaction. This is the basis for the field of photochemistry. Non-Electron Excited States Although excited states in chemistry and physics almost always refer to the behavior of electrons, other types of particles also experience energy level transitions. For example, the particles in the atomic nucleus may be excited from the ground state, forming nuclear isomers.

Religion - Theology of the book of relevations Essay

Religion - Theology of the book of relevations - Essay Example of all, there is discernment of the modern situation by prophetic insight into God’s nature and purpose, and the Revelation has dominant prophetic concern for exposing the truth of things. The second element of Revelation as a prophecy is prediction, which consists in seeing how God’s ultimate purpose for the coming of his universal kingdom relates to the modern situation as it is perceived by the prophet. It is fundamental fact that the coming of God’s kingdom takes place and prophecy as prediction reveals how the modern situation must change for the God’s kingdom to come. â€Å"Thirdly, prophecy demands of its hearers an appropriate response to its perception of the truth of the contemporary world and its prediction of what the working out of God’s purpose must mean for the contemporary world. It is the third element that ensures that the predictive element in biblical prophecy is not fatalistic.† (Bauckham, 149) Therefore, Richard Bauckham offers an insight on the three closely related elements of Revelation as a prophecy in his The Theology of the Book of Revelation and he indicates how biblical prophecy can be relevant for both its original audience and later readers. According to him, biblical prophecy gives room for human freedom and it is relevant in the contemporary world, just as it was significant to the original readers. In the final section of the chapter, the author offers a significant explanation of Revelation’s relevance today and it becomes clear that the readers may find their own routes from engaging with Revelation’s theology to contextualizing it in a contemporary situation. Bauckham lists eleven ways in which Revelation is relevant today, at the end of the chapter and these are essential ways in which one can realize the importance of Revelation in the contemporary world. The first of these eleven ways seems to be most fundamental today. Thus, the author maintains that one of the fundamental functions of Revelation is to purge

Painting and architecture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Painting and architecture - Essay Example Baroque paintingBaroque painting is mainly related to the underlying Baroque cultural movement mainly identified with the underlying Absolutism, the renowned Counter-Reformation and corresponding Catholic Revival. It is mainly characterized by massive performance, rich, Deep color and deep light and dark shadows(Bohn &Saslow, 2013). Moreover, it depicts the moment prior to an event. Baroque painting style commenced within Rome, Italy and subsequently spread to other parts of Europe. Similarities and contrast between Baroque and Renaissance architectureBoth Baroque painting and Renaissance architecture style commenced in Italy then subsequently spread to other parts of Europe. Baroque and Renaissance arts are interrelated in regard to painting and architecture in that they both utilize distinctive classical forms, which are used in books, valuable objects and oil painting(Bohn &Saslow, 2013). Both of the arts balance the good proportion within the architecture and sculptures. Moreover , both baroque painting and corresponding Renaissance architecture are the main classical forms that were utilized within the Renaissance in attracting distinct attention on the clarity and corresponding realism.Conversely, Renaissance architecture mainly utilizes Classical art in which the Roman and corresponding Roman and Greek art whilst Baroque painting commence by breaking away from corresponding Classical art and utilizes numerous curves and flowery patterns.

Jesse Owens †A Legend Essay Example for Free

Jesse Owens – A Legend Essay The legendary Track and Field athlete, known to the world as Jesse Owens, was born James Cleveland Owens on September 12, 1913. It’s claimed that the nine-year-old’s accent made it difficult for his schoolteacher in Ohio to understand Owens when he gave his name as â€Å"JC. † Instead the teacher wrote his name down as â€Å"Jesse† (Gentry, 1990, p. 34). Jesse’s first brush with running was to be in the hills of Alabama, his home state. At the time though, Jesse was a sickly child given to frequent attacks of Pneumonia and other medical issues including the appearance of boils. His training for the track and field events only began when he entered Fairmont Junior High School where he was noticed by Charles Riley, an Irishman who was quick to take into account Jesse’s â€Å"potential† despite his lack of a strong physique. Riley, took the time to coach Jesse before school began each day so that Jesse would be free after school to do the part time jobs he’d taken up to contribute towards his family’s financial betterment. There’s nothing to show that Jesse’s typical workouts weren’t anything but pretty basic in terms of the equipment available and the routines followed in those early years. Practicing the various techniques of starting and running as well as long jump is what Jesse engaged in. Making the most of this humble start, Jesse soon began to draw attention to his abilities, having by this time, enrolled in East Technical High School. Owens then went on to join the Ohio State University where he continued to break records and draw attention though still failing to get a scholarship on account of his race. Owens greatest contribution to American history came in Berlin where the 1936 Summer Olympics were held. Jesse Owens went on to win four gold medals for his country – 100m sprint, 200m sprint, 4 x100m relay and long jump in the face of strong prejudices exhibited by Adolf Hitler who was intent on showing off the superiority of the Aryan race to the world. Americans greeted him with great enthusiasm on his return, and cheered his accomplishments heartily (Corrigan, 1990, p. 18). Track and Field events gained popularity in the United States. However, Jesse himself was not to benefit from all these events.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LIFE STRESS AND HEALTH INVENTORY SCORES IN A COLLEGIATE POPULATION :: essays research papers

ABSTRACT Scientific literature is replete with studies examining the relationship between stressful life events and the occurrence of compromised immune function as suggested by the presence of various illnesses. Forty college students answered questionnaires regarding the presence of stressful life events and the presence or absence of recent illnesses. The relationship between these scores was examined. Life stress scores were significantly positively related to scores indicating illnesses on a health inventory. As scores indicating the presence of stressful life experiences increased, scores suggesting the presence of illness also increased. CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION AND REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE Each bodily physiological system has an individual established set point, or level of balance; however, some fluctuations in these levels are tolerated. The balance of any system can be, and regularly is disturbed by internal and/or external events of the mechanical, physical, chemical, biological, and/or social types. When this balance is disrupted, and involuntary mobilizations of biological processes are not able to re-establish it, an alarm reaction is activated (Schedlowski and Tewes, 1999). This reaction is referred to as a stress response, and the activating agent is the stressor (Selye, 1936).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Recently, studies of stress have shifted from demonstrating relationships between psychological factors and somatic outcomes, to investigations of the mediational pathways involved in these associations. For example, (Cohen and Williamson, 1991) have built on the work of Lazarus’ model by suggesting that once an environmental event is encountered, it is appraised, and an affective response is made. After this response is made, a cascade of behavioral and physiological processes is activated. Behavioral factors such as increased alcohol use, reduced exercise, changes in sleep quantity/quality, and changes in diet, have shown to be related to stress. In turn, stress-related changes are associated with many hormonal fluctuations known to influence susceptibility to disease (Schedlowski and Tewes, 1999). There is overwhelming evidence that daily stress may be harmful to the overall health of humans (Cohen, Tyrrell, and Smith, 1991; Glaser, Rice, and Sheridan, 1987; and Schleifer, and Keller, 1991). The mechanism by which stress influences health outcomes is thought to involve the immune system. Rationale As reviewed, research has examined the interaction between stressful life events and the overall health of humans. This investigation will examine this relationship in a collegiate population, using two pen and paper surveys. Hypothesis Scores on the College Life Stress Inventory (CLSI) (Renner and Mackin, 1998) will be positively related to scores on the Health Inventory (HI) (Holmes and Rahe, 1967).

Metaphor, Tone and Antithesis in “Legal Alien” Essay

â€Å"Legal Alien,† a collection from â€Å"Chants,† is a short free versed poem written by Pat Mora. The poem explores the lives of Mexican-Americans and the cultural tension they have to face. The poet discusses a bi-cultural person whose parents are from Mexico but the person was born and raised in America and is an American citizen by law. Although he can speak fluent English and Spanish, he still has a hard time being accepted by both or one race. Mora’s use of poetic techniques such as metaphor, tone and antithesis emphasizes her concerns in regards to the issue. Mora uses metaphor to highlight how a bi-cultural individual feels like not being acknowledged by both races. â€Å"a handy token† (line 16) informs the readers that a bi-cultural individual is like a handy instrument that can easily slide from back to forth, from English to Spanish (vice-versa). The person can also adapt very quickly, quicker than those who has only one culture. â€Å"between the fringes of both worlds† (line 18) notify the readers that although the speaker’s race is Mexican and his nationality is American the speaker isn’t fully accepted by both races. Mexicans view the speaker as an alien (line 10) while American view him as exotic, inferior and definitely different (lines 9-10). In this situation, the speaker feels lost in both races thus having an identity crisis. Using tone shapes the ideas of the poem and expresses the poet’s aggravation towards cultural tension. â€Å"able to slip from, â€Å"How’s life?† to â€Å"_Me’stanvolviendo loca†_ (lines 2-3) this line informs the readers that while the speaker can speak both languages fluently she isn’t accepted by both races entirely and the speaker is frustrated, this is evident when she said â€Å"_Me’stanvolviendo loca†_(line 3) this means † they are driving me crazy† in English. â€Å"By smiling by masking the discomfort of being pre-judged Bi-laterally† (lines 19-22) the speaker is unease and sad because she is not accepted by both  races. The speaker smiles to conceal his discomfort of being pre-judged immediately without knowing him first. Mora capitalizes â€Å"Bi-laterally† (line 22) and adds a hyphen to draw attention to the readers that the speaker is being judged by both of his heritage. Mora uses antithesis to make the readers more mindful of the opposition. Antitheses is almost visible in every line of the poem where the speaker is describing two different races, Mexican and American, side-by-side with each other but are complete opposites. Examples are â€Å"How’s life? To _Me’stanvolviendo loca†_ (lines 2-3), â€Å"Drafting memos in smooth English, able to order in fluent Spanish at a Mexican restaurant† (lines 5-7), â€Å"Viewed by Anglos as perhaps exotic, perhaps inferior, definitely different, viewed by Mexicans as alien† (lines 9-11), â€Å"An American to Mexicans/ A Mexican to Americans† (lines 14- 15). These lines of antithesis draw attention to the cultural tension between Mexican and American in an individual’s knowledge. Pat Mora uses poetic techniques such as metaphor, tone and antithesis to show discomfort and frustration of fitting in and being accepted by both races. The readers is predicted to fathom that bi-cultural individuals don’t have it so easy fitting in and being accepted by both races even though they can speak both languages, both of their race still don’t accept them utterly. That leaves them having an identity crisis thus being called a â€Å"legal alien†, a person who belongs however is not entirely acknowledged by the community.

Discovering Computer

Discovering Computers ? Chapter 1 : Introduction to Computers Chapter 1 Objectives Recognize the importance of computer literacy Define the term, computer Describe the categories of computers Identify the components of a computer Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using computers Recognize the purpose of a network Discuss the uses of the Internet and World Wide Web Discuss various computer applications in society Identify the elements of an information system Describe the various types of computer users Distinguish between system software and application software Next A World of Computers What is computer literacy (digital literacy)? Current knowledge and understanding of computers and their uses ? Computers are everywhere Next What Is a Computer? How is a computer defined? ? Electronic device operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory Processes data into information Conveys meaning and is useful to people Accepts data Collection of unprocessed item s Produces and stores results Next What Is a Computer? What is the information processing cycle? ? ? ? ? ? Input Process Output Storage Communication Next The Components of a Computer What is an input device? ? Hardware used to enter data and instructions Next The Components of a ComputerWhat is an output device? ? Hardware that conveys information to one or more people Next The Components of a Computer What is the system unit? Case that contains the electronic components of the computer that are used to process data ? Next The Components of a Computer What are two main components on the motherboard? Processor Also called a Central Processing Unit (CPU) The electronic component that interprets and carries out the basic instructions that operate the computer Memory Consists of electronic components that store instructions waiting to be executed and data needed by those instructions Next The Components of a ComputerWhat is storage? ? Holds data, instructions, and information for futur e use Storage media Physical material on which data, instructions, and information are stored Storage device Records and retrieves items to and from storage media Next The Components of a Computer What is a USB flash drive? ?Portable storage device ? Small and lightweight enough to be transported on a keychain or in a pocket ? The average USB flash drive can hold about 2 billion characters Next The Components of a Computer What is a hard disk? ? Provides greater storage capacity than a USB flash drive ? Most are housed inside the system unit NextThe Components of a Computer What is a compact disc? ? Flat, round, portable metal disc ? ? CD DVD Next The Components of a Computer What is a communications device? Hardware component that enables a computer to send and receive data, instructions, and information Occurs over cables, telephone lines, cellular radio networks, satellites, and other transmission media Next Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Computers What are the advantages of using computers? Speed Reliability Consistency Storage Communications Next Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Computers What are the disadvantages of using computers? Violation of PrivacyPublic Safety Impact on Labor Force Health Risks Impact on Environment Next Networks and the Internet What is a network? ? Collection of computers and devices connected together, often wirelessly Used to share Resources Hardware devices Software programs Data Information Saves time and money Next Networks and the Internet What is a server? ? A server controls access to resources on a network ? Clients, or workstations, request resources from the server Next Networks and the Internet What is the Internet? ? Worldwide collection of networks that connects millions of businesses, government agencies, educational institutions, and individualsNext Networks and the Internet Why do users access the Internet? 1. Communications 2. Research and Information 3. Shopping 4. Banking and Investing 5. Classes 6. Entertainment 7. Download Music 8. Share Information Next Networks and the Internet What is the Web? ? Billions of documents, called Web pages, available to anyone connected to the Internet A Web site is a collection of related Web pages You can share information on a social networking Web site or a photo sharing community A podcast is recorded audio stored on a Web site that can be downloaded A Web page contains text, graphics, audio, video, and links to other Web pagesA blog consists of timestamped articles in a journal format Next Computer Software What is software? Consists of a series of instructions that tells the computer what to do and how to do it Also called a program Next Computer Software What is a graphical user interface (GUI)? ? Allows you to interact with the software using text, graphics, and visual images such as icons ? Controls how you enter data and instructions and how the screen displays information Next Computer Software What is system software? ? Programs that control or maintain the operations of the computer and its devices Operating System (OS) s a set of programs that coordinates all activities among computer hardware devices Utility Programs allow the user to perform maintenance-type tasks usually related to managing a computer, its devices or its programs Next Computer Software What is application software? ? Programs designed to make users more productive Word Processing Database Spreadsheet Presentation Graphics Next Computer Software How do you install and run programs? Next Computer Software JavaScript What is a programmer? ? Someone who develops software ? Programmer writes the instructions to direct the computer to process data into information Web application NextCategories of Computers What are the categories of computers? Personal Computers (desktop) Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices Game Consoles Servers Mainframes Supercomputers Embedded Computers Next Personal Computers What are the two most popular styles of per sonal computers? ? PC and compatibles use the Windows operating system ? Apple Macintosh usually uses the Macintosh operating system (Mac OS X) Next Personal Computers What is a desktop computer? ? Designed so all of the components fit entirely on or under a desk or table Next Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices What is a notebook computer? ? Portable, small enough to fit on your lap ?Also called a laptop computer ? Usually more expensive than a desktop computer with equal capabilities Next Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices What is a Tablet PC? ? Resembles a letter-sized slate ? Allows you to write on the screen using a digital pen ? Especially useful for taking notes Next Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices What are mobile devices? Small enough to carry in a pocket Internet-enabled telephone is a â€Å"smart phone† Next Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices What is a handheld computer? Small enough to fit in one hand Used by mobile employees such as meter readers and deliver y people Next Mobile Computers and Mobile DevicesWhat is a personal digital assistant (PDA)? ? Provides personal organizer functions ? ? ? ? ? Calendar Appointment book Address book Calculator Notepad Next Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices What are smart phones? Next Game Consoles What are game consoles? Mobile computing device designed for single-player or multiplayer video games Next Servers What types of servers are there? A server controls access to network resources and provides centralized storage Mainframe Very powerful, expensive computer that supports thousands of connected users Supercomputer The fastest, most powerful, most expensive computer.Used for applications requiring complex mathematical calculations Next Embedded Computers What is an embedded computer? ? A special-purpose computer that functions as a component in a larger product Next Elements of an Information System What are information system elements? ? ? ? ? ? Hardware Software Data People Procedures Next E xamples of Computer Usage What software is available for a home user? ? Personal finance management ? Web access ? Communications ? Entertainment Next Examples of Computer Usage What software is available for a small office/home office (SOHO) user? ? ? ? Productivity software Specialty software Web usage E-mail Next Examples of Computer Usage What is available for a mobile user? ? Hardware ? ? ? ? Notebook computers Tablet PCs Internet-enabled PDAs Smart phones ? Software ? ? ? Word processing Spreadsheet Presentation graphics software Next Examples of Computer Usage What are the needs of a power user? ? Speed and large amounts of storage ? Types of power users ? ? ? ? ? Engineers Scientists Architects Desktop publishers Graphic artists Next Examples of Computer Usage What are the needs of the large business user? ? ? ? Payroll Inventory E-commerce Desktop publishing Next Computer Applications in Society What are some examples of computer applications in society? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Edu cation Finance Government Health Care Science Publishing Travel Manufacturing Next Summary of Introduction to Computers Basic computer concepts The term, computer The uses of the Internet Computer software Categories of computers Types of computer users Computer applications in society The components of a computer The advantages and disadvantages of using computers The purpose of a network Chapter 1 Complete

The U.S. Patriot Act essays

The U.S. Patriot Act essays On September 11, 2001 terrorists savagely attacked the United States. The immediate devastation included the destruction of The World Trade Center, a section of the Pentagon, and the death of thousands of innocent people. Since then, the United States Congress along with the Bush Administration passed a bill, which compiled a series of regulations and laws, called The USA PATRIOT Act, (Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism). This new bill was passed shortly after the terrorist attacks with the intention of helping all law enforcement agencies act more effectively in investigating potential terrorist, giving Federal officials greater power to track and intercept communications for intelligence gathering purposes. It provides a greater authority to combat foreign and local money laundering. It maximizes the security at airports and surrounding borders. And finally, it improved a vulnerable and debilitated visa and inspection process. The USA PATRIOT Act has however, been criticized by some. Claiming that, its provisions go to far, violating our civil rights under the Constitution. They also claim that it violates Federal communication privacy laws. Others supported the bill, accepting the compromises and sacrifices that it would bring and were even concerned that it was not We will further discuss the disadvantages and advantages of this newly adopted bill, and the controversy that it has created. Freedom in the United States has become considerably restrained since 2001. Not only did the terrorist attacks of September 11 have a dramatic effect on the U.S. economy, but also our nations response has tested the limits of our freedom and right to privacy. Some critics believe that this newly acquired Act may do more harm than good. Threatening the rights guaranteed ...

History of Canadas Death Penalty

History of Canada's Death Penalty Capital punishment was removed from the Canadian Criminal Code in 1976. It was replaced with a mandatory life sentence without possibility of parole for 25 years for all first-degree murders. In 1998 capital punishment was also removed from the Canadian National Defence Act, bringing Canadian military law in line with the civil law in Canada. Here is a timeline of the evolution of capital punishment and the abolition of the death penalty in Canada. 1865 Crimes of murder, treason, and rape carried the death penalty in Upper and Lower Canada. 1961 The murder was classified into capital and non-capital offenses. Capital murder offenses in Canada were premeditated murder and murder of a police officer, guard or warden in the course of duty. A capital offense had a mandatory sentence of hanging. 1962 The last executions took place in Canada. Arthur Lucas, convicted of the premeditated murder of an informer and witness in racket discipline, and Robert Turpin, convicted of the unpremeditated murder of a policeman to avoid arrest, were hanged at the Don Jail in Toronto, Ontario. 1966 Capital punishment in Canada was limited to the killing of on-duty police officers and prison guards. 1976 Capital punishment was removed from the Canadian Criminal Code. It was replaced with a mandatory life sentence without possibility of parole for 25 years for all first-degree murders. The bill was passed by a free vote in the  House of Commons. Capital punishment still remained in the Canadian National Defence Act for the most serious military offenses, including treason and mutiny. 1987 A motion to reintroduce capital punishment was debated in the Canadian House of Commons and defeated on a free vote. 1998 The Canadian National Defence Act was changed to remove the death penalty and replace it with life imprisonment with no eligibility for parole for 25 years. This brought Canadian military law in line with the civil law in Canada. 2001 The  Supreme Court of Canada ruled, in United States v. Burns, that in extradition cases it is constitutionally required that in all but exceptional cases the Canadian government seek assurances that the death penalty will not be imposed, or if imposed not carried out.

Political and Economic Integration Processes in The Gulf Cooperation Essay

Political and Economic Integration Processes in The Gulf Cooperation Council - Essay Example The GCC Organizational structure looks like the EU structure with a Supreme Council made up of members from all countries in the GCC. From first appearances one might see a top down structure in the design. However, the top is shared by heads of the member states (based on the monarchic or emirate government). This makes the top divisional in its structure. The actual executive of the council is not by rank and size but rather rotated in alphabetical order of the member's names. Yet, despite the inherited leadership, it is somewhat democratic in its implementation: meetings of the supreme council are only valid if attended by at least two-thirds of the members. Under the Supreme Council there are several organizations designed as functional structure but arranged as matrix rather than a top down structure. Firstly, there is a Consultative Commission, formed of equal amounts of members from each state - its purpose is to study matters assigned by the Supreme Council. Along with that - there is the Commission for the Settlement of Disputes. Again, under the Supreme Council but is designed to allow for contingency factors and only used as needed. A Ministerial Council formed from the Ministers of Foreign Affairs - the head over this segment is the current head of the supreme council. This organization is in charge of policies, recommendations, and oversees other existing actions in all fields of specialty. Any ministerial subcommittee must first resolve and then refer the rulings to the Ministerial Council, who in turn, along with their recommendations on the rulings give to the Supreme Council for final approval. These rulings and recommendations must also be voted by two-thirds of the members to be counted as official. The Ministerial Council meets... This essay aims to identify long-term perspectives of the Gulf Cooperation Council as an integral regional union and also define development trends of its members countries. The GCC Organizational structure looks like the EU structure with a Supreme Council made up of members from all countries in the GCC. Globalization can be defined as a global networking that has welded together previously disparate and isolated communities on this planet into mutual dependence and unity of ‘one world. The opposite would be a more skeptic and Marxist indicated definition, like perspective that globalization is what the Third World have for centuries called colonization. One might even interpret globalism as a less offensive term for imperialism, not well received by developing countries with aspirations of their own international successes. Globalization is typically defined as a shift from localized human societies (including financial, political and religious systems) to linking distant communities of people and levels of industry, expanding them across regions and continents. Globalization can reduce the deficiencies of third world countries with technological advances and with equal allocation of resources. The completion of the Free Trade Agreement, started so long ago, would be a stronger indication of liberalization in the GCC. The willingness to team up with the European Union, a non-US entity, might just be a considered strategy to strengthen their unwillingness to embrace globalization.

Operations objectives at the Penang Mutiara Case Study

Operations objectives at the Penang Mutiara - Case Study Example Operations performance ensures customer satisfaction hence it is easy to retain them. Operations performance in the hotel industry means ensuring proper service delivery to customers. The management has a task of ensuring the staff deals with the customer in a desired way, for example, the staff must have the ability to portray courtesy to the customers (Slack et al. 40). Since the customers may have various questions concerning services or other matters, the staff should possess relevant skills for answering questions from the customer. They should have sufficient hospitality and the hotel management tips to enable them respond suitably to customer’s needs. The hotel management has a responsibility of ensuring best condition of hotel facilities. This means that buildings, furniture and all equipment that support service delivery to customers are in superb condition. Performing best choice of hardware for the hotel is vital because it creates a good impression of the hotel. Ma nagers should choose best designs for the hotel to enhance durability. This is important because the hotel looks fabulous for a long period. Customer satisfaction commences with the right impression followed by the services (Slack et al. 40). The management is responsible for its functions to ensure competitiveness in the hotel industry. Managers perform planning, coordination and controlling of various issues in business. This is important because the hotel looks fabulous for  the long period.

The business environment of Wal-Mart corporation Research Paper

The business environment of Wal-Mart corporation - Research Paper Example They will be in a better position to identify the problems that affect the smooth running of the organization. In addition, they will know the areas that need to be changed and how they can be changed. According to Ulrich & Brockbank, â€Å"When people understand the why of change, they are more likely to accept the what .† One of the most influential departments at Wal-mart is the HR department. It plays a major role in identifying the right personnel that can help the organization achieve its strategic goals and objectives. The organization has its goals but achieving them is never a walk in the park due to the many changes that are occurring in the business environment. For the HR transformation to occur at Wal-mart, the HR need to launch transformational programs.The human resource department is the agent of change. Every organization should have a strategic plan and it is no different for Wal-mart. The company has a strategic plan that guides it towards the achievement of its goals. The human resource department plays an important role in the strategic planning of an organization in addition to its traditional functions such as hiring, performance appraisal and rewarding employees. Is is important for the HR leaders to be familiar with the organizational strategic plans so as to engineer an effective HR transformation that will enable the department execute its role as a planning partner. This is one of the reasons as to why the HR team needs to understand the business context.... It is its obligation to fulfil those promises so as to satisfy each of the parties. Satisfying its stakeholders is important for any organization in the process of building its brand image. In the current business environment, things are changing too rapidly. An organization needs to keep up with the changes and as a result, there is the need to transform the HR functions so as to gain that competitive advantage (Albeanu, Hunter & Radford, 2010). Business context One of the most important step in transforming the HR function of Wal-mart is to identify the reason as to why the transformation is occurring (Ulrich, 1997). This refers to identifying the problem that prevails in the HR department. In order to identify the need for transformation, anyone who is to be involved in the transformation process should clearly understand the business context. Only when the persons involved have an understanding I the current business context that they will be able to come up with a way of transfo rming the HR function. They will be in a better position to identify the problems that affect the smooth running of the organization. In addition, they will know the areas that need to be changed and how they can be changed. According to Ulrich & Brockbank (2005), â€Å"When people understand the why of change, they are more likely to accept the what .† One of the most influential departments at Wal-mart is the HR department. It plays a major role in identifying the right personnel that can help the organization achieve its strategic goals and objectives. The organization has its goals but achieving them is never a walk in the park due to the many changes that are occurring in the business environment. For the HR transformation to occur

Stem Cell Research Advantages and Disadvantages

Stem Cell Research Advantages and Disadvantages JOSHUA REED ‘Do the potential benefits of stem cell research outweigh the risks and negative ethical implications associated with it?’ 1.  INTRODUCTION Stem cell research is currently one of the biggest fields in modern day science. It has numerous benefits currently, and it is only the beginning. The possibilities are endless, but there are many ethical implications associated with it, as well as many risks. Do the potential benefits outweigh these risks and negative ethical implications? 2. OVERVIEW OF STEM CELLS 2.1  DEFINITION OF STEM CELLS Stem cells are unspecialised cells which are able to become any type of cell in the body. They have the ability to divide and renew themselves for very long periods before they are specialised. The process in which they are changed into a specific type of cell is called differentiation. They can become cells of the heart, bones, muscles, brain, blood, skin, or any other type of cell. There are different types and sources of stem cells, but they all have the ability to develop into different types of cells. 2.2  TYPES OF STEM CELLS 2.2.1  EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS Embryonic stem cells are cells found in embryos during the blastocyst stage. They are obtained from the eggs of an infertile couple, that are fertilised in vitro, rather than in the woman’s body. 2.2.2  ADULT STEM CELLS Adult stem cells, also known as somatic stem cells, are found in certain tissue of fully developed humans. They can produce only certain types of cells. In the body they maintain and repair tissue. They can be found in bone marrow. They can also be found in the brain, skin, liver, skeletal muscle and in blood vessels, but in small amounts. 2.2.3  AMNIOTIC STEM CELLS Amniotic stem cells are found within the amniotic fluid. They are extremely active and can multiply without a food source. They have a limited number of cells into which they can form, but, unlike embryonic stem cells, they are unable to cause tumours. 2.2.4  INDUCED PLURIPOTENT STEMS CELLS These stem cells are formed by genetically programming adult skin cells to become stem cells. (i) 2.3 HARVESTING OF STEM CELLS There are different procedures followed to collect and harvest the different types of stem cells from their different sources. Embryonic stems cells are found in embryos. Specifically, they are obtained from eggs cells from an infertile couple, that have been fertilised in vitro, rather than within the woman’s body. The embryo is in the stage of blastocyst when they are able to produce embryonic stem cells. Usually about 30 stem cells can be taken from the blastocyst. These cells are then grown in laboratories by a process known as cell culture. The inner cell mass of the cells are removed and placed into a laboratory culture dish that contains a broth or nutrient medium, off which the stem cells will survive. The dish is often coated in mouse embryonic skin cells, known as a feeder layer, which allows the human stem cells to have a sticky surface to which they can attach. They also release nutrients into the medium within the culture dish. The dish is stored at a suitable temperature and humidity level which allows the cells to divide. The cells divide and fill the dish over several days. They are then removed and placed into several new culture dishes. This is repeated numerous times over several months and is known as subculturing. After several months, millions of stem cells can be formed from the first 30. They are then frozen in batches and sent to other laboratories for further experimentation. Another type of stem cell harvest procedure is the removal of peripheral blood stem cells. Typically, the donor is given large doses of chemotherapy, which causes a lot of white blood cells to die. The bone marrow is then forced to try and replace it. There is not enough space in your bones for all the extra blood, so the bone marrow forces large amounts of stem cells into the blood where they are able to mature. The donor, if they do not require chemotherapy, could be given a white blood cell growth factor known as G-CSF, which has the same effect. If the donor is the same person as the patient, they will use both methods to increase the harvest. When the stem cells are being harvested, the donor has an IV in both arms. The one extracts blood which contains the stem cells. The stem cells are extracted from the blood, and the blood is returned to the donor through the other IV. This can be used in the treatment of leukaemia. In a study involving around 38000 people, people who received treatment showed an increase survival rate from 48 to 63 percent one year after treatment. (ii) 2.4 HOW STEM CELLS WORK Stem cells have the ability to become any type of cell in the body. They can be used in treating several types of diseases. Stem cells work by being a source of new cells to replace defective, damaged or diseased cells. Stem cells are unspecialised cells, which form into specialised cells during a process called differentiation. Internal as well as external signals can cause stem cell differentiation. Internal signals come from within the nucleus, while external signals are caused by things such as contact with chemicals or other cells, as well as the presence of certain things in the environment. Stem cells in culture dishes are stimulated to differentiate into differentiated cells by changing the culture broth or medium, as well as the coating of the dish. Genes are also inserted. The differentiated cells can then be used as they are needed, or used for experimental purposes. 2.5 BENEFITS OF STEM CELLS 2.5.1  USE OF STEM CELLS AT PRESENT TRANSPLANTING BONE MARROW TO TREAT LEUKAEMIA HEALING BURNS WITH SKIN GRAFTS REPLACING DAMAGED CELLS AND TREATING DISEASES TO STUDY THE DEVELOPMENT OF ORGANISMS AND DISEASES TESTING NEW MEDICAL TREATMENTS MAKING INSULIN FOR DIABETICS TO INJECT 2.5.2  USE OF STEM CELLS IN THE FUTURE TO TREAT THINGS SUCH AS: DIABETES PARKINSONS LIVER FAILURE HEART DAMAGE CANCER BRAIN DAMAGE DEAFNESS BLINDNESS HAIRLOSS MISSING TEETH INFERTILITY 2.6 ETHICAL ISSUES SURROUNDING THE USE OF STEM CELLS There are several ethical issues surrounding the use of stem cells and their research. The biggest issue is the use of an embryo. Although the embryo is fertilised in vitro and come from willing couples, there are still issues regarding the debate of whether the embryo is human or not, and whether it has rights. Some people believe that human life begins at conception, or even before this, so the embryos are human and deserve rights and protection; while others believe that life begins when you are born, when your heart first beats, or a few months after development. Some groups see the use of embryos as a form of abortion. The debate depends on one’s own personal view as to whether the embryo is human or not. Another ethical issue many people have regards the use and creation of Human-Animal Chimeras. Chimeras are organisms that contain cells or tissues from multiple organisms. Some believe that it is ethically wrong to combine human and animal stem cells to form chimeras. They are separate organisms which should not be combined. Despite these issues, chimeras are important in forming actual therapeutic methods. Law prohibits the breeding of human-animal chimeras. The debate between preventing and reducing human suffering versus respecting the value of human life is another issue. Stem cells have the ability to cure numerous issues, and have the potential to prevent and treat several other things; but if embryonic stem cells are used, it can be seen as destroying one human life to save another. There are also several risks involved in stem cell research and use. It is relatively new, so the long term side effects of its use in humans is so far unknown, but they could be horrific. In tests done with rats, 20% that were injected with embryonic stem cells died of some form of tumour. (chem445stemcell, 2011) 3. MY PERSONAL VIEW Stem cell research is one of the most important fields of science in modern times. It is able to, and has the potential to cure numerous diseases, illnesses and problems found in humans. Despite this many people see it as unethical and full of risks. I believe that the potential benefits outweigh the risks and negative ethical implications associated with it. Stem cells are unspecialised cells which are able to become any type of cell in the body. They have many current uses, and they have the potential for numerous future uses. Scientists and doctors are able to do stem cell transplants from bone marrow to treat leukaemia. Thousands of patients over the globe have successfully received this treatment which has prolonged their lives. Stem cells are also able to heal burns through skin grafts, as well as replace damaged cells and treat diseases. Stem cells allow scientists to study the growth and development patterns of both organisms and diseases, as well as provide new ways of treating the diseases. Another important feature of stem cells is their use in the production of insulin for diabetics. The insulin produced is indistinguishable from human insulin. It is not only the current uses of stem cells that are important, but also the potential that they have. Scientists are experimenting and finding ways to use stem cells to cure diseases that were once seen as incurable, such as diabetes and Parkinson’s disease. They believe that they can find ways to cure liver failure, heart damage, cancer, brain damage, deafness, blindness, hair loss, missing teeth, and even infertility. Scientist believe that they will be able to use a patient’s own stem cells to grow new organs for transplant, which would be guaranteed to not be rejected. The possibilities are endless. Despite their potential, stem cells raise many ethical issues, and have many risks that surround them. The use of an embryo is questioned by many people. It is believed by many that human life begins at conception, or even before this. They believe that the use of an embryo is a form of abortion, or an exploitation of their human rights. Others believe that life only begins later in pregnancy, or at birth, so they disagree with this viewpoint. The embryos are donated willingly by couples, and are fertilised in vitro. Another issue that people have is that human tissue is combined with animal tissue to form chimeras. They are separate organisms and should not be combined to create new creatures. Additional, there is an ethical issue raised on the debate between preventing and reducing human suffering versus respecting the value of human life. Stem cells have the ability to cure numerous issues, and have the potential to prevent and treat several other things; but if embryonic stem cells are used, it can be seen as destroying one human life to save another. Some of the risks involved in stem cell research and use include that it is relatively new, so the long term side effects of its use in humans is so far unknown, but they could be horrific. In tests done with rats, 20% that were injected with embryonic stem cells died of some form of tumour. There are numerous ethical issues raised through stem cell research, but the potential that it has in curing and preventing diseases and issues in humans greatly outweighs them. Scientists must continue researching stem cells, and finding exciting ways in which they can be used. 4. EVALUATION AS TO WHAT INFLUENCED MY DECISION I visited numerous sources with different viewpoints to allow myself to make an informed decision as to where I stand regarding stem cell research. Regarding the use of embryonic stem cells, I believe that human life begins at conception, but the fact that the couples who donate the embryos are sterile and already have children, and that the embryos are fertilised in vitro, influenced me to believe that the use of embryonic stem cells is acceptable. In 2005, guidelines regarding the use of embryonic stem cells were laid. They urge scientists to work ethically, responsibly and sensitive in their work. They are not laws, yet they still lay the basis on which most laboratories work. There is more than one source of stem cells, so not all stem cell related topics are surrounded by numerous ethical issues. The numerous benefits and the potential that stem cells have also influenced my decision into supporting the study and research of stem cells. Stem cell research has the potential to save thousands of lives, and through research scientists will be able to discover and test the ways in which they can be used. 5. CONCLUSION Although there are many ethical issues surrounding the use of them cells, the potential benefits of their research greatly outweighs these issues. They have the potential to save the lives of those who thought they were unsaveable, as well as treat the untreatable. Through the right research and funding, the possibilities regarding stem cell research are endless. 6. BIBLIOGRAPHY AND REFERENCES REFERENCES Manda, D. A. (2014). Stem Cell Types. Retrieved from News Medical: http://www.news-medical.net/health/Stem-Cell-Types.aspx [23-02-2014] Institute, R. P. (2013, May 28). Significantly improved survival rates for stem cell transplant recipients. Retrieved from ScienceDaily: http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/05/130528180857.htm [05-03-2014] chem445stemcell. (2011). Risks and Disadvantages of Stem Cell Research. Retrieved from Stem Cell Research: http://chem445stemcell.webs.com/risksanddisadvantages.htm [10-03-2014] BIBLIOGRAPHY BOOKS: Goldstein, L Schneider, M. 2010. Stem Cells for Dummies. Indianapolis, Indiana: Wiley Publishing Inc. WEBSITES: Dr Ananya Mandal. 2014.What are Stem Cells? [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.news-medical.net/health/What-are-Stem-Cells.aspx. [Accessed 02 March 2014]. Dr Ananya Mandal. 2014.Stem Cell Properties. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.news-medical.net/health/Stem-Cell-Properties.aspx. [Accessed 02 March 2014]. Dr Ananya Mandal. 2014.What are Embryonic Stem Cells? [ONLINE] Available at:http://www.news-medical.net/health/What-are-Embryonic-Stem-Cells.aspx. [Accessed 02 March 2014]. Dr Ananya Mandal. 2014.Stem Cell Lineage. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.news-medical.net/health/Stem-Cell-Lineage.aspx. [Accessed 02 March 2014]. Dr Ananya Mandal. 2014.Stem Cell Controversy. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.news-medical.net/health/Stem-Cell-Controversy.aspx. [Accessed 02 March 2014]. Jon Entine. 11 March 2013. Should the government loosen ethical oversight of stem cell research? Genetic Literacy Project. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.geneticliteracyproject.org/2013/03/11/should-the-government-loosen-ethical-oversight-of-stem-cell-research/#.UvNVv_mSwSk [Accessed 02 March 2014] Kristina Hug  23 Mar 2011.Embryonic stem cell research: an ethical dilemma | Europes stem cell hub | EuroStemCell. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.eurostemcell.org/factsheet/embryonic-stem-cell-research-ethical-dilemma. [Accessed 02 March 2014]. Lawrence S.B. Goldstein  and  Meg Schneider. 2014.Explore Current Stem Cell Treatments For Dummies. [ONLINE] Available at:  http://www.dummies.com/how-to/content/explore-current-stem-cell-treatments.html. [Accessed 10 March 2014]. Stem Cells for Blood Transfusion? 2014.Stem Cells for Blood Transfusion? [ONLINE] Available at:  http://www.stemcellsforblood.org/useinfuture.htm. [Accessed 10 March 2014]. Stem cell harvest. 2014.Stem cell harvest. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.nhlcyberfamily.org/treatments/collection.htm. [Accessed 08 March 2014]. Stem Cell Transplant | Mind Even More. 2012.Stem Cell Transplant | Mind Even More. [ONLINE] Available at:  http://mindevenmore.com/?page_id=22. [Accessed 02 March 2014]. Wikipedia contributors. Stem cell therapy. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 27 February 2014, Available at:  http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stem_cell_therapyoldid=597353183. [Accessed 02 March 2014].

Virtual Reality Essay -- Essays Papers

Virtual Reality Although some doubt the potential of virtual reality, the reality is our technologically dependent culture is making virtual reality a part of everyday life. Popular in video games, virtual reality allows the user to totally control a computerized character. Every action the user makes is imitated by the character and instantly displayed for the user. However, since the early 90’s, the use of virtual reality has developed and taken the spotlight past evolving video games. Virtual reality has already made its mark on fields such as aviation, medicine, and even meteorology. Where is this new technology heading in the future? According to the Millennium edition of the Wall Street Journal, â€Å"even conservative forecasts suggest education, entertainment, the workplace and the boundaries of human expression will be greatly transformed by virtual reality† (Cox 40). Increasingly advanced technology could put virtual reality in the driver’s seat of countless ind ustries. In recent years virtual reality has already been involved in several technological areas. Even those who have little knowledge about the production of virtual reality are most likely aware of its use in video games. However, many people may not be aware of the numerous other areas where it has been applied. For example, astronaut trainees have recently used virtual reality to simulate a trip to space. Medical students have substituted a carcass for a fiberglass mould of a body and a headset when training to perform surgery. A popular online chat is developing into a society of interactive, animated users. Introducing virtual reality to the real world has already proven to be beneficial for every industry it encounters. Welcome to the new world of virtual technology, the advantages have only begun. Virtual reality (VR), as defined by The Newbury House Dictionary of American English, is experiencing events that seem like real life by putting on special eye glasses, hearing devices ad gloves attached to a computer. With the help of these hardware devices, the VR user’s actions totally control of the computer’s resulting actions. This control sets virtual reality apart from previously developed technologies. Because of the amazingly fast processing speed of the computer, VR accepts the user’s every move and displays the differences in the virtual environment. .. ...on of any course in the world. After the ball hits the screen, it continues its path in the game. This game is extremely realistic, because the game reads the balls trajectory, power, direction and even spin when it is hit. I once played 18 holes at Augusta, one of the most premier courses in the world, and I didn’t even leave Ohio. These examples are just some of the possibilities virtual reality will bring to our future. Introducing virtual reality into the future will prove to be a benefit for our society. Several important issues involving virtual reality have previously been discussed. Surgery and surgical training are extremely crucial processes in which virtual reality has shown to be beneficial. Astronaut training is another critical procedure. Jim Newman, highly experienced in space, stated himself that without virtual reality it was â€Å"impossible† to train for certain events (Cox 40). Precise forecasts of the weather are not always easy. However, virtual reality has already been incorporated in the study of severe weather, giving forecasters more knowledge and the society more protection. The future is virtual reality, and its benefits will remain immeasurable.